Established Evidence Results

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Text Messaging, Mobile Apps

Intervention Description: The intervention in the study involved providing experimental participants with a smartphone loaded with a specially designed app. The app included features such as vegetable-based recipes, food tips, and strategies for healthier meal preparation and grocery shopping. Experimental participants also received a three-month data plan for the smartphone. Additionally, participants were given two different extra vegetables for each of four weekly pantry distributions. Control participants, on the other hand, received only the extra vegetables for the weekly distributions

Intervention Results: After 3-4 weeks of additional 'test vegetables', cooks at experimental pantries had made 38 % more preparations with these items than control cooks (P = 0·03). Ten weeks following baseline, experimental pantries also scored greater gains in using a wider assortment of vegetables than control pantries (P = 0·003). Use of the app increased between mid-experiment and final measurement (P = 0·0001)

Conclusion: The app appears to encourage household cooks to try new preparation methods and widen their incorporation of vegetables into family diets. Further research is needed to identify specific app features that contributed most to outcomes and to test ways in which to disseminate the app widely.

Study Design: A randomized controlled trial with repeated measures across 10 weeks.

Setting: Clients of fifteen community food pantry distributions

Population of Focus: Clients of food pantries

Sample Size: 289

Age Range: 9/15/2024

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Telephone Support, Assessment, YOUTH, PATIENT_CONSUMER, Feedback, PARENT_FAMILY, Text Messaging

Intervention Description: This study evaluates a novel air quality feedback intervention using remote air quality monitoring with SMS and email messaging to promote smoke-free homes among families from deprived areas.

Intervention Results: Of 86 homes that completed the intervention study, 57 (66%) experienced pre-post reductions in measured PM2.5. The median reduction experienced was 4.1 µg/m3 (a reduction of 19% from baseline, p = 0.008). Eight homes where concentrations were higher than the WHO guideline limit at baseline fell below that level at follow-up. In follow-up interviews, participants expressed positive views on the usefulness of air quality feedback.

Conclusion: Household air quality monitoring with SMS and email feedback can lead to behaviour change and consequent reductions in SHS in homes, but within the context of our study few homes became totally smoke-free.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Text Messaging,

Intervention Description: The intervention consisted of sending Short Message Service (SMS) reminders to patients with rare diseases and delayed influenza vaccination. The SMS reminders were sent in four consecutive weeks, starting at least one month after the beginning of the influenza vaccination campaign. The content of the SMS was a generic text reminding patients to ask for an appointment at their health center to get a flu vaccination if they or a family member belonged to a risk group, had a chronic illness, or were pregnant. Patients with no mobile phones available or no certainty of message reception were assigned as controls ,[object Object],, ,[object Object],.

Intervention Results: The results of the study indicated that the SMS reminders for seasonal influenza vaccination significantly increased the proportion of patients with rare diseases who received the vaccine. The overall influenza vaccine coverage reached 41.3%, and the uptake of the vaccine was significantly higher among those who received the SMS reminder compared to the control group. The study also found that the reception of the SMS reminder was associated with a significantly higher probability of vaccination in specific demographic groups, such as men over 65 years with at least a concurrent chronic condition and women between 14 and 64 years of age, and over 65 years without concurrent chronic conditions ,[object Object],.

Conclusion: The findings of this rapid review can be utilized to improve the performance of influenza immunization programs in Australia and other countries with comparable programs; and recommend priorities for future evaluation of interventions to improve influenza vaccination uptake.

Study Design: The study is described as a quasi-experimental pre-post intervention study ,[object Object],.

Setting: The setting of the study is the Madrid Regional Public Health System in Spain.

Population of Focus: The target audience of the study consists of patients aged 6 months and over diagnosed with rare diseases and with delayed influenza vaccination, who have access to the Madrid Regional Public Health System. These patients were identified from the Regional Registry for Rare Diseases (SIERMA) ,[object Object],, ,[object Object],.

Sample Size: The initial study population consisted of 106,987 patients with rare diseases and indication for influenza vaccination. Of these, 69,040 patients had delayed vaccination and were included in the intervention group or control group. The intervention group consisted of 60,205 patients who received text message reminders for influenza vaccination, while the control group consisted of 8,835 patients who did not receive any reminders ,[object Object],, ,[object Object],.

Age Range: The study population consisted of patients aged 6 months and over with rare diseases and indication for influenza vaccination ,[object Object],. The age range of the patients included in the study was not specified, but the study did provide information on the age distribution of the study population.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Text Messaging, Mobile Apps

Intervention Description: The intervention described in the study focused on the Cooking Matters Mobile Application (CM App), which was developed by Share Our Strength in partnership with Savvy Apps. The CM App is a mobile phone-based resource designed for low-income parents and caregivers of young children (pregnancy/infant to age 5 years) to assist with meal planning and preparation

Intervention Results: Attitudes and self-efficacy related to CM App's subject matter and functions (meal planning; recipe use; creating and using a shopping list) were measured via surveys and interviews. Mean (sd) responses were positive towards 'meal planning' and 'shopping and cooking' (4·17 (0·63) and 3·49 (0·86) on a 5-point Likert scale, respectively). Interviewees described meal planning and preparation behaviours as intrinsic, based on habit, and influenced by family preference and food costs. Early adopters of the CM App may already be engaged in and/or are motivated to engage in the targeted health behaviours.

Conclusion: Users may benefit most from incorporating into their routines new ways to prepare easy, cost-efficient, healthy meals at home that their families will enjoy.

Study Design: Mixed methods

Setting: Community-based

Population of Focus: Familes

Sample Size: 461

Age Range: 0-18

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Technology-Based Support, Patient Reminder/Invitation, Text Messaging,

Intervention Description: As part of an ongoing quality improvement project, the hospital implemented a remote hypertension monitoring protocol for postpartum women with a diagnosis of chronic hypertension, superimposed preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, or postpartum hypertension. After identification by an obstetric care provider, women with access to a text messaging-enabled smartphone device are enrolled in the 6-week postpartum program, which is automatically indicated in the electronic medical record. Participants are trained on the use of a blood pressure device (obtained through insurance, patient purchase or hospital provision) by a nurse educator before discharge from the hospital. After discharge, participants are prompted to check their blood pressure 5 days per week and are prescribed an antihypertensive medication from a call center physician if clinically indicated. Women with blood pressures exceeding the goal who are asymptomatic are encouraged to keep their postpartum office visit.

Intervention Results: Among women enrolled in the program, 360 (88%) attended a 6-week postpartum visit, compared with a historical background rate of 60% attendance among all deliveries and 66% attendance among women with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in the year before implementation of the program (2017). Compliance with the program was high. Based on the protocol, 177 (43%) women did not require the previously scheduled in-office blood pressure check at 1-week postpartum, the majority (112; 63%) were in the no medication group. Of the 232 women who required a blood pressure check based on the protocol, 198 (85%) women attended the visit. Of the 409 women who have completed the program to date, 340 (83%) continued the program beyond 3 weeks postpartum and 302 (74%) continued the program beyond 4 weeks postpartum. An ongoing goal of the program is to bridge care from obstetricians to primary care physicians; currently 87 (21%) participants have established care with a primary care physician postpartum, with an additional 42% reporting that they have scheduled an appointment with their primary care physician.

Conclusion: In this study, we detail results from an ongoing remote blood pressure monitoring program. We demonstrate high compliance, retention, and patient satisfaction with the program. This is a feasible, scalable remote monitoring program connected to the electronic medical record.

Study Design: Quality improvement project

Setting: University of Pittsburgh medical center

Population of Focus: At risk postpartum women

Sample Size: 499

Age Range: Childbearing age

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Technology-Based Support, Patient Reminder/Invitation, Text Messaging,

Intervention Description: The intervention involved a text-based surveillance arm, where women were given an automatic Omron blood pressure cuff and instructed on its use. Patients were enrolled into a texting program platform developed through Way to Health, a web-based platform within the institution, with secure technological infrastructure developed for research. Patients received reminders to text message their blood pressures twice daily for 2 weeks postpartum, and immediate feedback was provided to the patient based on a preprogrammed automated algorithm. The primary investigator was alerted with specified severe range blood pressure values via text message or email, and care was escalated as needed based on the outpatient algorithm used in the office

Intervention Results: The study found that text-based monitoring was more effective in obtaining blood pressures and meeting current clinical guidelines in the immediate post-discharge period in women with pregnancy-related hypertension compared with traditional office-based follow-up.

Conclusion: Text-based monitoring is more effective in obtaining blood pressures and meeting current clinical guidelines in the immediate postdischarge period in women with pregnancy-related hypertension compared with traditional office-based follow-up.

Study Design: Randomized control trial

Setting: Two prenatal practices within a single medical sytem

Population of Focus: Health care providers; postpartum patients with pregnancy-related hypertenion

Sample Size: 206 women with pregnancy-related hypertension

Age Range: ≥18

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Text Messaging, STATE, WIC Food Package Change, PARENT_FAMILY

Intervention Description: Low-income mothers of infants aged 8-10 months were recruited from the Women, Infants and Children Program clinics in Prince George’s County, MD. Once enrolled, participants used text messages to receive and respond to six developmental screening questions from the Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status: Developmental Milestones. After confirming their responses, participants received the results and feedback. Project staff conducted a follow-up phone survey and invited a subset of survey respondents to attend focus groups. A representative of the County’s Infants and Toddlers Program met with or called participants whose results indicated that their infants “may be behind.”

Intervention Results: Eighty-one low-income mothers enrolled in the study, 93% of whom reported that their infants received Medicaid (75/81). In addition, 49% of the mothers were Hispanic/Latina (40/81) and 42% were African American (34/81). A total of 80% participated in follow-up surveys (65/81), and 14 mothers attended focus groups. All participants initiated the screening and responded to all six screening questions. Of the total, 79% immediately confirmed their responses (64/81), and 21% made one or more changes (17/81). Based on the final responses, 63% of participants received a text that the baby was "doing well" in all six developmental domains (51/81); furthermore, 37% received texts listing domains where their baby was "doing well" and one or more domains where their baby "may be behind" (30/81). All participants received a text with resources for follow-up. In a follow-up survey reaching 65 participants, all respondents said that they would like to answer screening questions again when their baby was older. All but one participant would recommend the tool to a friend and rated the experience of answering questions and receiving feedback by text as "very good" or "good."

Conclusion: A mobile text version of a validated developmental screening tool was both usable and acceptable by low-income mothers, including those whose infants "may be behind." Our results may inform further research on the use of the tool at older ages and options for a scalable, text-based developmental screening tool such as that in Text4baby.

Setting: Community-based

Population of Focus: Low-income mothers

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Text Messaging,

Intervention Description: The study did not involve an intervention in the traditional sense. Instead, it focused on analyzing the association between patient reminders for influenza vaccination and the vaccination status of children. The intervention of interest was the receipt of a patient reminder for influenza vaccination, and the study aimed to quantify the proportion of children who received such reminders, identify factors associated with parental receipt of a patient reminder, and determine whether receipt of a patient reminder was independently associated with influenza vaccination status among children. The study also aimed to describe the type and source of patient reminders received.

Intervention Results: The study found that approximately 22% of children had a parent or guardian report receiving a patient reminder for influenza vaccination for their child. Children who received a patient reminder were more likely to be vaccinated compared with children without a patient reminder (73.7% versus 55.5%). Factors independently associated with receiving a patient reminder included the child's age, race/ethnicity, and the language in which the parent completed the survey. The study also highlighted the positive relationship between patient reminders and influenza vaccination among children and the under-utilization of this intervention. The results suggested that increasing the number of parents who receive patient reminders for their children may improve vaccination coverage among children. Additionally, the study provided national and state-level estimates for parental receipt of patient reminders and their association with influenza vaccination coverage among children.

Conclusion: Although patient reminders are associated with a higher likelihood of influenza vaccination, nationally, less than one-fourth of children had a parent report receiving one. Although based on parental report, with its limitations, this study suggests that increasing the number of parents who receive patient reminders for their children may improve vaccination coverage among children.

Study Design: The study utilized data from the National Immunization Survey-Flu (NIS-Flu) for the 2013–14 influenza season. The NIS-Flu is a national list-assisted random-digit-dialed dual frame landline and cellular telephone survey of households with children. It includes three components: the NIS-Child for children 19–35 months, the NIS-Teen for children 13–17 years, and the NIS Child Influenza Module for children 6–18 months and 3–12 years identified during the screening of households for the NIS-Child and NIS-Teen. The study design involved analyzing the NIS-Flu data to estimate the percentage of children for whom a patient reminder for influenza vaccination was received, identify factors associated with receipt of a patient reminder, and determine the association between receipt of a patient reminder and influenza vaccination status among children. The study also aimed to describe the type and source of patient reminders received. Various statistical analyses, including multivariable logistic regression, were used to achieve these objectives.

Setting: The setting of this study is the United States, and the data was collected through the National Immunization Survey-Flu (NIS-Flu) during the 2013-14 influenza season. The NIS-Flu is a national, random-digit-dialed telephone survey that collects information on influenza vaccination coverage among children aged 6 months to 17 years.

Population of Focus: The target audience for this study is researchers, public health officials, healthcare professionals, and policymakers interested in understanding the factors influencing influenza vaccination coverage among children in the United States. Additionally, the findings may be relevant to organizations involved in promoting childhood immunization and vaccination programs.

Sample Size: The sample size for this study was 33,538 children aged 6 months to 17 years, whose parents or guardians provided information about patient reminders during interviews conducted in April, May, and June 2014. The data was collected through the National Immunization Survey-Flu (NIS-Flu) during the 2013-14 influenza season.

Age Range: The age range of the children included in the study was 6 months to 17 years. The study encompassed a broad age range to assess the impact of patient reminders on influenza vaccination coverage across different stages of childhood and adolescence.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Text Messaging,

Intervention Description: This intervention aligns with a discernible strategy of utilizing mobile technology, specifically text messaging, to reach and engage postpartum women for mental health screening and education. The study does not appear to analyze a multicomponent intervention, as the focus is primarily on the use of text messaging for screening and education. However, the study does involve a three-phase screening process, which includes sending a text message screen, identifying positive screens, and contacting women who screened positive to complete the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale via telephone .

Intervention Results: The study found that using text messages to screen for postpartum depression and provide education on postpartum mental health in the immediate postpartum period is practical and feasible . The results showed good sensitivity and specificity, with almost all participants responding to the texted screens. The study also reported fair agreement between the texted screen and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, with a sensitivity of 0.49 and a specificity of 0.93 . Additionally, the study found that the use of text messaging for mental health screening and education was well-received by the participants, as indicated by the high response rate to the texted screens and positive feedback from the follow-up survey

Conclusion: Using text messaging technology to screen women for postpartum depression and provide information on postpartum mental health appears to be sensitive, feasible, and well accepted.

Study Design: The study design used in this research is a prospective cohort study. The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of using text messaging technology to screen women for postpartum depression and provide information on postpartum mental health. The study recruited a sample of postpartum women and administered a text message containing a two-question screen for postpartum depression every two weeks and three text messages per week about postpartum mental health for the first 12 weeks postpartum. The study then assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the texted screen compared to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and evaluated the participants' satisfaction with the text messaging service through an online survey. The study design allowed for the collection of data over time and the evaluation of the intervention's effectiveness and feasibility in a real-world setting.

Setting: The study was conducted in the obstetrics and gynecology clinic of a large urban hospital. Specifically, the participants were recruited from this clinic, and the study intervention, which involved the use of text messaging for postpartum depression screening and information provision, was implemented within this setting

Population of Focus: The target audience for this study was postpartum women in the immediate postpartum period. Specifically, the study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using text messages to enhance mental health screening and education for women in the immediate postpartum period . The participants were recruited from an obstetrics and gynecology clinic of a large urban hospital, and the study focused on assessing the acceptability and effectiveness of the text messaging intervention in this population

Sample Size: The study initially recruited 1,000 postpartum women, and 63 withdrew or became ineligible over the course of the study, resulting in a final sample size of 937 postpartum women . This sample size was used to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using text messaging for postpartum depression screening and information provision.

Age Range: The study focused on postpartum women, but it did not specify a narrow age range. However, it recruited 937 postpartum women from an obstetrics and gynecology clinic of a large urban hospital . Therefore, the age group of the participants is likely to encompass the typical range of women who give birth, which can vary but often includes individuals in their late teens to early forties.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Educational Material (caregiver), Educational Material, Text Messaging,

Intervention Description: The intervention included a multilevel and trauma-informed approach, interventional videos, bilingual HPV printed educational materials, interactive discussions, and text message reminders to participants

Intervention Results: The study found no significant differences between intervention and control groups for most sociodemographic factors. However, the intervention group was younger on average. Only about one-third of the parents or guardians reported receiving HPV vaccine recommendations from their children’s pediatrician

Conclusion: there was an increase in HPV vaccine uptake among the intervention group. At the 6-month follow-up, 65.45% of participants in the intervention group reported that at least one child aged between 11 and 18 had initiated and completed the vaccine schedule, compared to only 2.9% in the control group. The initiation rate was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.001)

Study Design: The study utilized a longitudinal pilot study design to evaluate the efficacy of an HPV vaccination intervention among Chinese American parents and guardians of teenagers

Setting: The setting of the study was within the Chinese American community, involving community health centers and participants' homes

Population of Focus: The target audience was Chinese American parents and guardians of teenagers aged 11 to 18

Sample Size: The study recruited a total of 180 participants, with 110 in the intervention group and 70 in the control group

Age Range: The study focused on children aged 11 to 18, and the parents or guardians of these children were the participants

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Text Messaging

Intervention Description: The study had four intervention groups: (1) SMS text message reminders only, (2) personalized calendar reminder only, (3) SMS text message and personalized calendar (both interventions), and (4) no intervention. The SMS text message reminders were sent to parents or carers of infants to remind them of upcoming immunization appointments. The personalized calendar reminder was a printed calendar that was given to parents or carers of infants, which included the infant's immunization schedule and appointment dates. The calendar was personalized with the infant's name and photo. The intervention groups were compared to a control group that received no intervention ,[object Object],.

Intervention Results: The study found that there was a statistically significant improvement in on-time vaccination only at the 12-month schedule point among infants who received SMS reminders alone or in combination with a personalized calendar compared to the control group. However, there were no statistically significant impacts of calendar interventions alone. The study also reported a high rate of on-time compliance among control participants, which increased after the implementation of the 'No Jab, No Pay' policy ,[object Object],. Additionally, the study found that there were no statistically significant effects of any intervention at the 4, 6, or 18-month schedule points. It was noted that failure to send SMS messages, parents electing to 'STOP' receiving the SMS messages, incorrect infant dates of birth, and random errors contributed to the failures to deliver SMS messages ,[object Object],. The study also highlighted limitations, such as the relatively low number of infants contributing to the 4-month outcomes, the study sample being more compliant than the national population, and the study being powered to detect differences between the four randomized groups. Post-hoc analyses on smaller subgroups may have been limited by insufficient power ,[object Object],. Overall, the study found encouraging but mixed results for the ability of SMS messages to improve on-time compliance with the infant immunization schedule ,[object Object],.

Conclusion: SMS reminders are more effective in improving timeliness where pre-existing compliance is lower, but the 18 month schedule point appeared to be less amenable to intervention. Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registration No. ACTRN12614000970640.

Study Design: The study design was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) ,[object Object],. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four intervention groups in a 1:1:1:1 ratio, using permuted blocks of size eight. The four intervention groups were: (1) SMS text message reminders only, (2) personalized calendar reminder only, (3) SMS text message and personalized calendar (both interventions), and (4) no intervention ,[object Object],.

Setting: The setting for the study was conducted in Australia, specifically in Sydney and Wollongong in New South Wales (NSW) and Adelaide in South Australia (SA) ,[object Object],.

Population of Focus: The target audience for the study included parents or carers of infants aged less than 16 months who were attending participating immunization provider sites for any reason and who possessed a mobile phone and sufficient English language skills ,[object Object],.

Sample Size: The required sample size for the study was estimated as 1600 subjects, based on 80% power to reject the null hypothesis of no intervention effectiveness at a 5% level for significance ,[object Object],. A total of 1594 eligible infant/carer pairs were recruited into the study ,[object Object],.

Age Range: The study included infants aged less than 16 months ,[object Object],. The age range of the enrolled infants was from 11 November 2013 to 16 November 2015, with the majority of infants being born in 2014 and 2015 ,[object Object],.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Text Messaging,

Intervention Description: The intervention in the study consisted of a 12-week automated program with a total of 121 text messages. The program started with two to four messages per day during the first two weeks, two messages per day during week three, one message per day during weeks four to seven, and an average of five messages per week during weeks 8–12

Intervention Results: The outcomes of the trial were analyzed on a total of 212 (76.8%) participants in the intervention group and 201 (77.6%) participants in the control group. Prolonged abstinence at the 3-month follow-up was reported by 49 (23.1%) individuals in the intervention group and 39 (19.4%) individuals in the control group (adjusted OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.73-2.01; P value, .46). Four-week point prevalence of complete smoking cessation was reported by 53 (25.0%) individuals in the intervention group and 31 (15.4%) individuals in the control group (adjusted OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.12-3.17; P value, .018).

Conclusion: Estimates of 4-week point prevalence of complete cessation was 10 percentage points higher in the group that were given access to the intervention compared to the control. Findings provide confirmation that text messaging-based smoking cessation programs can affect quit rates among adolescents.

Study Design: Two armed randomzied controlled trial

Setting: Sweden

Population of Focus: Researchers, public health professionals, policymakers

Sample Size: 558 students total (279 in control and intervention groups)

Age Range: Median age 17 (high school students in Sweden)

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Motivational Interviewing/Counseling, Notification/Information Materials (Online Resources, Information Guide), Text Messaging,

Intervention Description: At half of the centres, midwives provided the standard Spanish postpartum contraceptive counselling (control group, CG). At the other half, supplemental perinatal contraceptive counselling was provided in addition to standard counselling (intervention group, IG) at different time points during pregnancy and postpartum. This consisted of a leaflet and a blog with practical information about all contraceptive options plus a short reminder message in the mobile phone during the third quarter of pregnancy and a face-to-face or a virtual meeting lasting 20 min in the first 15 days postpartum. Midwives used ad hoc questionnaires to collect information at week 30 of pregnancy (recruitment), and week 6, month 6 and month 12 postpartum.

Intervention Results: 975 women were eligible for analysis (482 in the CG and 493 in the IG). ~33% women had resumed sexual intercourse by week 6, and nearly all by months 6 and 12. Use and effectiveness of contraceptives was similar in both groups at week 6 and month 6. At month 12, more women in the IG used more effective contraception and less women used contraceptives considered somewhat effective vs. those of the CG (P = 0.006). When considering the place of origin, this was only true for Spanish women. Women of other origins had a much higher use of very effective contraceptives at month 12 also in the CG, with contraceptive counselling having scarce effect. On multivariate analysis, conducted only in Spanish women, the additional counselling resulted in a higher use of highly effective methods while having a university degree increased 3.6 times the OR for this behaviour. A bias towards fostering use of very effective contraceptives among women with low education was seen in standard clinical practice. Satisfaction with counselling and the type of contraception chosen was higher in the IG.

Conclusion: Our study has shown that the supplemental counselling tested has a moderate impact on contraceptive use and use of effective contraception in postpartum women. Results of this effort were seen after 6 months postpartum. A possible bias towards women who were more socially vulnerable was found in standard clinical practice, which reduced the effectiveness of the intervention in women who were otherwise the most needy.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial

Setting: Primary care clinic in National Health Care System, Catalonia, Spain

Sample Size: 975 women (482 in control group; 493 in intervention group)

Age Range: At least 18 years old, no maximum age provided

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Patient Navigation, Text Messaging,

Intervention Description: Navigating New Motherhood (NNM) was a patient navigation program that sought to increase the frequency of postpartum care attendance in a tertiary care center practice serving predominantly low-income, minority women. The NNM program provided postpartum appointment scheduling assistance, appointment reminders, assistance with logistical barriers, and social support to mothers. In accordance with patient preference, the NNM program relied predominantly on SMS text message communication between patient navigators and women enrolled in the program.

Intervention Results: While the program was in place, the majority of enrolled women (88.1%) returned for their postpartum visits at an average of 6.2 weeks postpartum. More frequent and multidimensional communication was associated with follow-up in a postpartum patient navigation program. Most women (98.2%) communicated with navigators via text message. Women who completed postpartum follow-up sent and received more texts than women who did not (7.8 vs. 3.7, p<0.001 and 11.5 vs. 8.0, p<0.05, respectively); exchange of ≥6 messages was associated with greater odds of follow-up (adjusted odds ratio 2.89, 95% CI1.13–7.41). Lack of patient response was also associated with lack of follow-up (p<0.001). Four categories of message themes were identified: Rapport-building, Postpartum Care Coordination, Maternal Health, and Motherhood. Message threads with more Rapport-building or Maternal Health messages were associated with more frequent patient follow-up (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively), as was average number of emoticons per message thread (2.1 vs. 1.2, p=0.01).

Conclusion: Findings illustrate that certain communication characteristics, including more frequent exchange of messages and greater use of rapport-building- or maternal health-oriented messages, are associated with an improved likelihood of return. Message frequency and message content appear to be critical communication features of effective patient navigation. Rapport-building messages were the most frequently observed type of communication across all message threads, and they were significantly more frequent among patients who ultimately completed follow-up. These results are consistent with previous studies emphasizing the importance of relational qualities and the ability to build trust within the patient navigation model

Study Design: Mixed methods secondary analysis

Setting: University tertiary care center in Chicago

Population of Focus: Women enrolled in public insurance receiving prenatal care

Sample Size: 218 women

Age Range: ≥18

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Text Messaging, PARENT_FAMILY

Intervention Description: Researchers designed and implemented Baby Steps Text, an automated text message-based screening tool. Researchers conducted preliminary user research via storyboarding and prototyping with target populations and then developed a fully functional system. In a one-month deployment study, researchers evaluated the feasibility of Baby Steps Text with fourteen families.

Intervention Results: During a one-month study, 13 out of 14 participants were able to learn and use the response structure (yielding 2.88% error rate) and complete a child development screener entirely via text messages. All post-study survey respondents agreed Baby Steps Text was understandable and easy to use, which was also confirmed through post-study interviews. Some survey respondents expressed liking Baby Steps Text because it was easy, quick, convenient to use, and delivered helpful, timely information.

Conclusion: Our initial deployment study shows text messaging is a feasible tool for supporting parents in tracking and monitoring their child's development.

Setting: Community-based

Population of Focus: Underserved, low-income families

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Text Messaging,

Intervention Description: The intervention group received three text message reminders in addition to the SLIV standard of care procedures and communications with parents. The text messages were sent from the school nurse and reminded parents to get their child vaccinated against influenza.

Intervention Results: The addition of text message reminders to the SLIV standard of care procedures had no effect on vaccination rates. There were no clinically or statistically significant odds ratios, demonstrating that the text message intervention had no impact on influenza vaccination rates.

Conclusion: The study concluded that more robust or multiple strategies are needed to raise childhood vaccination rates and reduce the high level of preventable morbidity caused by influenza.

Study Design: The study was a comparative effectiveness trial, with both the intervention and control groups having the option of receiving school-located influenza vaccination (SLIV). The intervention group also received three text message reminders in addition to the SLIV standard of care.

Setting: The study was conducted in 32 elementary schools in the Rochester City School District in New York during the 2017-2018 influenza-vaccination season.

Population of Focus: School-aged children residing in the city of Rochester, NY.

Sample Size: The study included 15,768 randomized students, with 7,893 allocated to the intervention group (text + SLIV group) and 7,875 allocated to the control group (SLIV controls).

Age Range: The study population consisted of elementary school-aged children, with a mean age of 9 years.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Provider Reminder/Recall Systems, Text Messaging,

Intervention Description: - Intervention description: The intervention involved sending SMS reminders to parents/guardians of adolescents who had consented to their child receiving the HPV vaccine. The SMS reminders were either motivational or self-regulatory in nature.

Intervention Results: - Results: The study found that SMS reminders were effective in increasing HPV vaccination rates in school programs. Both motivational and self-regulatory SMS messages were equally effective in increasing vaccination rates.

Conclusion: - Conclusion: The study concluded that SMS reminders are an important tool in school-based vaccine programs and that behaviorally informed messages can have a positive impact on vaccination rates.

Study Design: - Study design: The study was a single-blind multi-arm parallel randomized controlled trial.

Setting: - Setting: The study was conducted in Victoria, Australia, in secondary schools.

Population of Focus: - Target audience: The target audience was parents/guardians of adolescents who had consented to their child receiving the HPV vaccine.

Sample Size: - Sample size: The study included a total of 4,386 participants.

Age Range: - Age range: The average age of participants was 13.19 years.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Patient Navigation, Text Messaging,

Intervention Description: The patient-centered Navigating New Motherhood program hired one full-time patient navigator who was experienced navigating low-income women through women's health cancer screening and treatment. The navigator coordinated with clinic staff to schedule the patient's six-week postpartum appointment as well as any earlier visits recommended by the medical team. Appointment times were communicated in person or by phone, text, or email, per patient preference. Reminders were sent by the navigator one week after delivery, one week prior to appointment, and one day prior to the appointment. The navigator offered additional services as needed, including connection to health care providers for maternal or neonatal clinical concerns, psychosocial support, appointment and logistical support, assistance with social work needs (such as identifying food or transportation resources), or connection to mental health care providers. Additionally, during the postpartum hospitalization, the navigator offered brief written and verbal counseling about the benefits of and options for contraception and breastfeeding.

Intervention Results: The primary outcome, return for postpartum care, was more common among women in Navigating New Motherhood (88.1% compared with 70.3%, P<.001), a difference that persisted after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Women in Navigating New Motherhood were also more likely to receive a WHO Tier 1 or 2 contraceptive method, postpartum depression screening, and influenza and human papillomavirus vaccination.

Conclusion: Implementation of a postpartum navigation program was associated with improved retention in routine postpartum care and frequency of contraception uptake, depression screening, and vaccination.

Study Design: Prospective observational study

Setting: Medicaid based university clinic

Population of Focus: Patients receiving prenatal care

Sample Size: 218 in intervention group; 256 in historic cohort

Age Range: ≥18 (29 mean age)

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Text Messaging,

Intervention Description: The intervention in the study on "Coverage and predictors of influenza vaccination in patients with cystic fibrosis in a campaign with a mobile phone text messaging intervention" involved the use of text-message/SMS reminders to encourage influenza vaccine uptake among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the Community of Madrid, Spain ,[object Object],. The researchers evaluated the effect of these text-message/SMS reminders on the influenza vaccine coverage (IVC) in the CF patient population. The study found that the probability of being vaccinated after receiving the SMS was more than twice than for those who did not receive it, although no statistical significance was reached. The results suggested that SMS reminders sent to CF patients might improve influenza vaccine uptake ,[object Object],. This intervention is important as it explores the potential of mobile phone text messaging as a tool to improve vaccination coverage in individuals with cystic fibrosis, providing valuable insights for healthcare providers and policymakers.

Intervention Results: The study on "Coverage and predictors of influenza vaccination in patients with cystic fibrosis in a campaign with a mobile phone text messaging intervention" found that the influenza vaccine coverage (IVC) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in the Community of Madrid, Spain in 2015 was 67.9% ,[object Object],. The study also found that the main factor associated with flu vaccination was having been vaccinated in the previous campaign (aOR 14.36; IC95%: 8.48-24.32). The probability of being vaccinated after receiving the SMS was more than twice than for those who did not receive it, although no statistical significance was reached ,[object Object],. These results suggest that while the IVC of patients with CF is high, there is still room for improvement. The use of SMS reminders sent to CF patients might improve influenza vaccine uptake, providing valuable insights for healthcare providers and policymakers.

Conclusion: The study on "Coverage and predictors of influenza vaccination in patients with cystic fibrosis in a campaign with a mobile phone text messaging intervention" concluded that the influenza vaccine coverage (IVC) of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the Community of Madrid, Spain is high, but there is still room for improvement ,[object Object],. The study found that the use of SMS reminders sent to CF patients might improve influenza vaccine uptake, although no statistical significance was reached. The main factor associated with flu vaccination was having been vaccinated in the previous campaign ,[object Object],. These findings suggest that healthcare providers and policymakers should consider implementing interventions such as SMS reminders to improve influenza vaccine uptake in individuals with cystic fibrosis. Further research is needed to explore the potential of mobile phone text messaging as a tool to improve vaccination coverage in other populations.

Study Design: The study on "Coverage and predictors of influenza vaccination in patients with cystic fibrosis in a campaign with a mobile phone text messaging intervention" is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in the Community of Madrid, Spain in 2015 ,[object Object],. In a cross-sectional study, data is collected at a single point in time, and the study aims to describe the prevalence of a particular condition or risk factor in a specific population. In this study, the researchers aimed to analyze the influenza vaccine coverage (IVC) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and evaluate the factors associated with IVC, including the effect of text-message/SMS reminders.

Setting: The setting for the study on "Coverage and predictors of influenza vaccination in patients with cystic fibrosis in a campaign with a mobile phone text messaging intervention" is the Community of Madrid, Spain. The study was conducted in 2015 and involved a cross-sectional analysis of influenza vaccine coverage (IVC) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in this region. The researchers evaluated the factors associated with IVC and assessed the impact of a text-message/SMS reminder intervention on influenza vaccine uptake among CF patients ,[object Object],.

Population of Focus: The target audience for the study on "Coverage and predictors of influenza vaccination in patients with cystic fibrosis in a campaign with a mobile phone text messaging intervention" are individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) who are older than 6 months of age at the beginning of the flu vaccination campaign in the Community of Madrid, Spain. The study aimed to analyze the influenza vaccine coverage (IVC) in this patient population and evaluate the factors associated with IVC, including the effect of text-message/SMS reminders ,[object Object],.

Sample Size: The sample size for the study on "Coverage and predictors of influenza vaccination in patients with cystic fibrosis in a campaign with a mobile phone text messaging intervention" consisted of 445 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients who were analyzed as part of the cross-sectional study conducted in the Community of Madrid, Spain in 2015 ,[object Object],. This sample size provided a substantial number of participants for the study, allowing for a robust analysis of influenza vaccine coverage and the factors associated with vaccination in this patient population.

Age Range: The study on "Coverage and predictors of influenza vaccination in patients with cystic fibrosis in a campaign with a mobile phone text messaging intervention" included individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) who were older than 6 months of age at the beginning of the flu vaccination campaign in the Community of Madrid, Spain ,[object Object],. Therefore, the age range of the participants in this study spans from 6 months and older, encompassing both pediatric and adult patients with cystic fibrosis.