Established Evidence Results

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): COMMUNITY, Television Media, Other Media, POPULATION-BASED SYSTEMS

Intervention Description: This study sought to determine whether a mass media campaign conducted in Victoria, Australia, in 2005 was effective in encouraging women across all socio-economic status (SES) groups to screen.

Intervention Results: Cervical screening increased 27% during the campaign period and was equally effective in encouraging screening across all SES groups, including low-SES women.

Conclusion: Mass media campaigns can prompt increased rates of cervical screening among all women, not just those from more advantaged areas. Combining media with additional strategies targeted at low-SES women may help lessen the underlying differences in screening rates across SES.

Study Design: QE: pretest-posttest

Setting: Victoria

Population of Focus: Women with no history of hysterectomy

Data Source: Victorian Cervical Cytology Registry

Sample Size: Approximate total (N≈1,421,390)4

Age Range: 18-69

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): COMMUNITY, Other Media, Community Events, Television Media, POPULATION-BASED SYSTEMS

Intervention Description: The project explored the potential of historically black medical schools to deliver health information to their local communities and used a community-based participatory research approach.

Intervention Results: Significant difference in Pap smear rates between Nashville (intervention) vs Chattanooga (control; 8% effect difference, p≤.01) but not between Atlanta (intervention) vs Decatur (control). Pooled results are not given.

Conclusion: This community intervention trial demonstrated modest success and are encouraging for future efforts of longer duration.

Study Design: QE: pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group

Setting: Nashville, TN; Atlanta, GA; Chattanooga, TN; and Decatur, GA

Population of Focus: Women living in predominantly black census tracts in the intervention cities

Data Source: Telephone interview

Sample Size: Baseline(n=4,053) Intervention (n=1,954); Control (n=2,099) Follow-up (n=3,914) Intervention (n=1,959); Control (n=1,955)

Age Range: ≥18

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Other Person-to-Person Education, Television Media, COMMUNITY, PATIENT/CONSUMER, Other Media, POPULATION-BASED SYSTEMS

Intervention Description: To test the effectiveness of a community intervention program to promote breast and cervical cancer screening.

Intervention Results: There were higher Pap smear completion rates for women under 40 years of age in the intervention community.

Conclusion: Although it is important to address the cultural needs of all Mexican American women, it is also important to understand the tangible environmental barriers faced by the older women.

Study Design: QE: pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group

Setting: Predominantly Mexican American neighborhoods in San Antonio and Houston, TX

Population of Focus: Mexican American women

Data Source: Self-report through personal interviews

Sample Size: Baseline (n=1,776) Intervention (n=882); Control (n=894) First Panel Follow-up (n=296) Intervention (n=153); Control (n=143) Second Panel Follow-up (n=145) Intervention (n=70); Control (n=75)

Age Range: ≥18

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): COMMUNITY, Television Media, POPULATION-BASED SYSTEMS

Intervention Description: Evaluate the impact of a Coronation Street story line, in which one of the characters died from cervical cancer, on the National Health Service (NHS) Cervical Screening Programme.

Intervention Results: 21.3% increase in number of Pap smears during study period in 2001 than same time period in 2000 (95% CI: 21.0%-21.6%)

Conclusion: We have demonstrated a large impact of a soap opera story line on the cervical screening programme although the benefit to health is not clear. Further research will determine the long-term effect of the story.

Study Design: QE: pretest-posttest

Setting: Lancashire and Greater Manchester zones of the North West Region of the National Health Service

Population of Focus: Women whose previous Pap smear was normal and who were on routine recall during the intervention period

Data Source: Health Authority cervical screening databases

Sample Size: Total (N=320,128)5 N= Pap smears

Age Range: ≥25

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): COMMUNITY, Television Media, Other Media, POPULATION-BASED SYSTEMS

Intervention Description: The mass media has been shown to be effective at improving participation in cervical screening. A 2007 television advertising campaign to promote cervical screening in New South Wales (NSW) was examined.

Intervention Results: Significant increase in mean number of screens per week in intervention period than same period in previous year (17% difference, t-value=3.84)

Conclusion: Despite the ecological nature of this study, the mass media campaign appears to have been successful in increasing screening in unscreened and underscreened women in NSW.

Study Design: QE: pretest-posttest design

Setting: New South Wales

Population of Focus: Women in New South Wales

Data Source: New South Wales Pap Test Register

Sample Size: Approximate total (N≈27,100) 2006 (n=12,284) 2007 (n=14,816) N=mean Pap smears per week

Age Range: 20-69

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): PATIENT/CONSUMER, Educational Material, Community-Based Group Education, Patient Navigation, Enabling Services, PROVIDER/PRACTICE, Provider Reminder/Recall Systems, Provider Education, Designated Clinic/Extended Hours, Female Provider, COMMUNITY, Television Media, Other Media, POPULATION-BASED SYSTEMS

Intervention Description: Development and implementation of a multifaceted intervention using community-based participatory research (CBPR) methodology and evaluated with a quasi-experimental controlled design with cross-sectional pre-intervention (2000) and post-intervention (2004) telephone surveys. Data were analyzed in 2005.

Intervention Results: Significantly greater odds of Pap smear for women in intervention county than in control county (OR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.37-2.99)

Conclusion: A multifaceted community-based participatory research (CBPR) intervention was associated with increased Pap test receipt among Vietnamese-American women in one community.

Study Design: QE: pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group

Setting: Santa Clara County, CA and Harris County, TX

Population of Focus: Vietnamese women living in either county

Data Source: Computer-assisted telephone interviewing system

Sample Size: Baseline(n=1,566) Intervention (n=798); Control (n=768) Follow-up (n=2,009) Intervention (n=1,004); Control (n=1,005)

Age Range: ≥18