Established Evidence Results

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Screening Tool Implementation, Policy/Guideline (Hospital), Assessment (patient/consumer), Screening in Nontraditional Settings

Intervention Description: The intervention described by the article to increase postpartum depression (PPD) screening is the implementation of a PPD screening program in a Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) setting . The study found that PED-based screening had a positive impact through PPD screening, education, and resources, and helped to identify PPD in mothers who had not been screened previously.

Intervention Results: The results found that 27% of mothers (n=209) screened positive for PPD, with 7% reporting suicidal thoughts . Additionally, 47% of mothers had never previously been screened for PPD, including 58% of PPD screen-positive mothers . The study also assessed maternal attitudes toward screening and found that PED-based screening had a positive impact through PPD screening, education, and resources, and helped to identify PPD in mothers who had not been screened previously

Conclusion: Approximately 1 in 4 mothers screened positive for PPD in a PED, with almost 1 in 10 reporting suicidal thoughts. The majority of PPD screen–positive mothers had not been screened previously. Our study helps to inform future efforts for interventions to support mothers of young infants who use the PED for care.

Study Design: To answer your question, the study design/type is a pilot cohort study of a convenience sample of mothers of infant patients

Setting: The study was conducted in a Pediatric Emergency Department (PED)

Population of Focus: The target audience for the study is healthcare providers, particularly those who work in pediatric emergency departments and are involved in the care of mothers and infants

Sample Size: The sample size for the study was 209 mothers of infant patients who presented to a PED from June 2015 to January 2016

Age Range: The study included mothers of infant patients 6 months or younger presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Community Health Workers (CHWs), Educational Material, Training, Screening in Nontraditional Settings

Intervention Description: The intervention described in the article to increase postpartum depression (PPD) screening is the implementation of a community health worker (CHW) program . The CHWs were trained to assist providers with PPD screening and behavioral health referrals by addressing patient barriers to care. The CHWs also provided education to patients and families about PPD and the importance of screening. The CHWs were available to assist patients during their well-child visits and provided follow-up phone calls to patients who screened positive for PPD.

Intervention Results: The study found that the implementation of a community health worker (CHW) program was effective in increasing postpartum depression (PPD) screening rates in a pediatric patient-centered medical home (PCMH) that primarily serves a Latinx immigrant population. The study found that the overall screening rate increased from 45% to 66% after the implementation of the CHW program . The study also found that the rate of patients referred after positive screenings increased from 9% to 22% following project implementation . The study concludes that CHWs can assist providers with PPD screening and behavioral health referrals by addressing patient barriers to care and that future studies focusing on the referral process for PPD treatment and resources for minority populations are needed to assess the impact of screening on maternal and infant clinical outcomes

Conclusion: Postpartum depression is a serious problem that affects many new mothers and often goes unrecognized, with even higher prevalence among minority populations, specifically immigrant mothers. Pediatric providers caring for infants and mothers must prioritize screening for PPD to improve diagnostic rates and ensure effective referrals and treatment protocols are in place. This project demonstrates how CHWs can assist providers with PPD screening and behavioral health referrals by addressing patient barriers to care. Future studies focusing on the referral process for PPD treatment and resources for minority populations, are needed to assess the impact of screening on maternal and infant clinical outcomes.

Study Design: The study design is a pre- and post-intervention study . The study evaluated the effectiveness of implementing a community health worker (CHW) intervention to improve postpartum depression (PPD) screening and referral rates in two South Carolina patient-centered medical homes that primarily provide care to low-income Latinx populations . The study collected pre- and post-implementation data by reviewing current procedural terminology (CPT) billing codes and examining patient charts

Setting: Pediatric clinic that serves a diverse population of patients, including Latinx and immigrant mothers two South Carolina patient-centered medical homes that primarily provide care to low-income Latinx populations

Population of Focus: However, it is likely that the target audience includes healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers who are interested in improving postpartum depression screening and referral rates in diverse populations, particularly Latinx and immigrant mothers. The study provides insights into the effectiveness of utilizing community health workers (CHWs) to improve PPD screening and referral rates in low-income Latinx populations

Sample Size: he sample size for the study is 552 patients . This sample size was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions implemented in two South Carolina patient-centered medical homes that primarily provide care to low-income Latinx populations

Age Range: The study does not focus on a specific age group. However, the sample population includes newborns and children up to 6 months of age who were seen at 1 month and 6-month well-child visit

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Screening Tool Implementation, Quality Improvement, Expert Feedback Using the Plan-Do-Study-Act-Tool, Screening in Nontraditional Settings

Intervention Description: The intervention includes a standardized postpartum depression screening tool into pediatric primary care practice to increase postpartum depression screening rates.

Intervention Results: The study found that postpartum depression screening practices improved from 83% to 88% after the implementation of the standardized screening tool, although this improvement was not statistically significant . The study also found that certain infant and family characteristics, such as male gender, Medicaid or sliding-scale payment for services, and Hispanic ethnicity, were associated with higher rates of positive postpartum depression screens, although again, these associations were not statistically significant . Another study mentioned in the text found that the implementation of a standardized screening tool increased the rate of screening for postpartum depression from 83% to 100%

Conclusion: Pediatric health care providers can effectively screen for postpartum depression. Certain infant and family characteristics may alert the provider to higher risks for mothers.

Study Design: The study design/type is not explicitly mentioned in the given texts. However, the study is a quality improvement project that aimed to improve postpartum depression screening in a pediatric primary care clinic . The study used pre- and post-intervention data to compare the screening rates before and after the implementation of a standardized screening tool . Therefore, it can be classified as a quasi-experimental study.

Setting: The quality improvement project took place in a nurse-led, rural FQHC (Federally Qualified Health Center) in north-central Indiana that offers primary care services, including pediatrics, family health, women's health, and behavioral health

Population of Focus: The target audience for this study is pediatric health care providers who are interested in improving postpartum depression screening in their practice

Sample Size: The sample size for this study was 116 women

Age Range: The age group is not specified in the given texts. However, since the study is about postpartum depression screening, it can be inferred that the sample consists of women who have recently given birth