Established Evidence Results

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Patient-Centered Medical Home, Notification/Information Materials (Online Resources, Information Guide), Outreach (caregiver), PROFESSIONAL_CAREGIVER, PARENT_FAMILY, HEALTH_CARE_PROVIDER_PRACTICE

Intervention Description: The 2016–2018 National Surveys of Children’s Health dataset was used to identify associations among preventive care, unmet health care needs, medical home access, and emergency department (ED) use among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Intervention Results: Results indicated that youth with ASD had higher odds of using ED services if they had unmet mental health care needs (OR = 1.58, CI: 1.04–2.39) and lower odds of using ED services if they had access to a medical home (OR = 0.79, CI: 0.63–0.98).

Conclusion: Findings suggest the importance of access to coordinated, comprehensive, and patient-centered care to address health care needs and prevent ED utilization among children and adolescents with ASD.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Electronic PA, PARENT_FAMILY

Intervention Description: Exergame use (or active video games that promote physical activity (PA)) has the potential to increase PA in youth, but there is a scarcity of information about PA of youth who are current exergamers. The current study examined PA behaviors in exergamers versus non-exergamers.

Intervention Results: Both male and female exergamers tended to be younger and Black compared to non-exergamers (p<0.001). Generally, exergamers did not report significantly more PA than non-exergamers, except for female exergamers who engaged in more vigorous PA than female non-exergamers (p<0.01; 1.3±0.05 vs. 1.6±0.06 hours/wk, respectively).

Conclusion: PA behavior in exergamers is similar to PA behavior in non-exergamers. However, when targeting vigorous PA, exergaming may be an innovative and appealing intervention strategy for adolescent girls.

Study Design: Cross-sectional

Setting: Public high schools in Minneapolis/St. Paul Minnesota metropolitan area

Population of Focus: Students in Eating and Activity in Teens (EAT 2010) study

Data Source: Questionnaires

Sample Size: 2,793 students

Age Range: Ages 12-17

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Training (Parent/Family), Extra-Curricular Activities, PARENT_FAMILY, CLASSROOM_SCHOOL, Family-Based Interventions

Intervention Description: This was an 11-week, two group, randomized feasibility study. Participants were children and their parents at one OOSP on a rural American Indian reservation. Children, ages 6–9, were randomized to receive the Generations Health (GH) intervention or comparison condition. The GH group received daily activities focused on physical activity (PA), nutrition, sleep, and reducing TV/screen time, and frequently engaged parents. The comparison group received usual OOSP activities. To assess intervention feasibility, we measured recruitment and participation rates and program satisfaction. We assessed pre- to posttest changes in body composition, PA and sleep patterns, dietary intake and Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores, TV/screen time, and nutrition knowledge. We report recruitment and participation rates as percentages and participants’ program satisfaction as means. Two-tailed paired t tests and 95% confidence intervals were used to detect changes in behavioral and health outcome variables.

Intervention Results: Forty-six children met age eligibility criteria; following screening, 52% (24/46) met the inclusion criteria and 96% (23/24) were randomized to the study. Overall, 91% of the children participated in the intervention and 100% participated in at least some of the posttest assessments. Parents reported high program satisfaction (mean rating of 4, on a 1–5 scale). Our outcome measure for child adiposity, zBMI, was reduced by 0.15 in the GH group, but increased by 0.13 in the comparison condition. Meaningful changes were evident for total kilocalories, HEI-2010 scores, PA, TV/screen time, and nutrition knowledge.

Conclusion: High recruitment, participation and program satisfaction and positive health and behavioral outcomes at 11 weeks provide encouraging indications of the feasibility and potential effectiveness of the intervention.

Study Design: Feasibility RCT

Setting: American Indian Reservation

Population of Focus: Rural students

Data Source: Activity monitors (PA levels), questionnaire (sedentary/screen activity)

Sample Size: 24 students

Age Range: Ages 6-9

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Telephone Support, Consultation (Parent/Family), Access to Provider through Hotline, PARENT_FAMILY, PATIENT_CONSUMER

Intervention Description: This study describes outcome evaluation results from a dissemination and implementation study of a research-tested program to increase smoke-free home rules through US 2-1-1 helplines.

Intervention Results: A total of 2345 households (335-605 per 2-1-1 center) were enrolled by 2-1-1 staff. Most participants were female (82%) and smokers (76%), and half were African American (54%). Overall, 40.1% (n = 940) reported creating a full household smoking ban. Among the nonsmoking adults reached at follow-up (n = 389), days of SHS exposure in the past week decreased from 4.9 (SD = 2.52) to 1.2 (SD = 2.20). Among the 1148 smokers reached for follow-up, 211 people quit, an absolute reduction in smoking of 18.4% (p < .0001), with no differences by gender. Among those reached for 2-month follow-up, the proportion who reported establishing a smoke-free home was comparable to or higher than smoke-free home rates in the prior controlled research studies.

Conclusion: Dissemination of this brief research-tested intervention via a national grants program with support from university staff to five 2-1-1 centers increased home smoking bans, decreased SHS exposure, and increased cessation rates. Although the program delivery capacity demonstrated by these competitively selected 2-1-1s may not generalize to the broader 2-1-1 network in the United States, or social service agencies outside of the United States, partnering with 2-1-1s may be a promising avenue for large-scale dissemination of this smoke-free homes program and other public health programs to low socioeconomic status populations in the United States.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Enabling Services, Expert Support (Provider), Notification/Information Materials (Online Resources, Information Guide), HEALTH_CARE_PROVIDER_PRACTICE, PATIENT_CONSUMER, PARENT_FAMILY

Intervention Description: We hypothesized that addressing barriers to scheduling in-person interpreters would make FCR encounters more likely, and thus ensure more equitable care for LEP patients.

Intervention Results: There were 614 encounters with LEP patients during the intervention, 367 of which included in-person interpreters. The percentage of encounters with LEP patients involving interpreters increased from 0% to 63%. Form completion, our primary process measure, reached 87% in the most recent phase. English-proficient and LEP patients reported similar satisfaction with their rounding experience amid a modest increase in rounds duration (preintervention, 105 minutes; postintervention, 130 minutes; P = .056).

Conclusion: Using quality improvement as a framework to address key barriers, we successfully implemented a process that increased the participation of in-person interpreters on FCRs on a busy pediatric service.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Notification/Information Materials (Online Resources, Information Guide), Other Education, Patient-Centered Medical Home, PATIENT_CONSUMER, PARENT_FAMILY, HEALTH_CARE_PROVIDER_PRACTICE

Intervention Description: The purpose of this study was to establish a healthy weight management support group in a pediatric patient-centered medical home.

Intervention Results: There was a significant improvement in fruit and vegetable intake and dining out (p = <.05), and a clinical improvement in physical activity and sugar sweetened beverage intake.

Conclusion: Setting Kids Up For Success provides a framework for patient-centered medical home's to provide a healthy lifestyle support group for SA children and their families.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): CAREGIVER, Education/Training (caregiver), Educational Material (caregiver), Assessment (caregiver), PROFESSIONAL_CAREGIVER, PARENT_FAMILY, Notification/Information Materials (Online Resources, Information Guide)

Intervention Description: To evaluate formative evaluation, a pedagogic method that sensitizes mothers to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), as a new way to improve prevention of SIDS.

Intervention Results: At follow-up, 91.9% and 86.8% of the mothers reported practicing supine sleep position in the intervention and control group respectively (p=0.16; OR=1.7, 95% CI: 0.7-4.0).

Conclusion: Formative evaluation using an educative questionnaire could improve maternal awareness on SIDS risk factors and their compliance with recommendations about SIDS prevention.

Study Design: RCT

Setting: Maternity department of the Rennes University Hospital

Population of Focus: Mothers hospitalized during the immediate postpartum period between Jun 19 and Aug 28, 2005 who were not hospitalized for abnormal or high-risk pregnancies and did not have newborns hospitalized in neonatology

Data Source: Mother report

Sample Size: Baseline (n=320) Follow-up (n=292)  Intervention (n=148)  Control (n=144)

Age Range: Not specified

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Telephone Support, Assessment, YOUTH, PATIENT_CONSUMER, Feedback, PARENT_FAMILY, Text Messaging

Intervention Description: This study evaluates a novel air quality feedback intervention using remote air quality monitoring with SMS and email messaging to promote smoke-free homes among families from deprived areas.

Intervention Results: Of 86 homes that completed the intervention study, 57 (66%) experienced pre-post reductions in measured PM2.5. The median reduction experienced was 4.1 µg/m3 (a reduction of 19% from baseline, p = 0.008). Eight homes where concentrations were higher than the WHO guideline limit at baseline fell below that level at follow-up. In follow-up interviews, participants expressed positive views on the usefulness of air quality feedback.

Conclusion: Household air quality monitoring with SMS and email feedback can lead to behaviour change and consequent reductions in SHS in homes, but within the context of our study few homes became totally smoke-free.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Home Visit (caregiver), Training (Parent/Family), , PARENT_FAMILY, PROFESSIONAL_CAREGIVER

Intervention Description: This evaluation examined the rates of safe infant sleep practices and associated factors among 1985 participants enrolled in Florida Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (FL MIECHV) programs during 2017-2019.

Intervention Results: Most caregivers (70%) reported always placing their babies to sleep on their back, alone, and without soft bedding. Factors such as primary language, race, education, housing situation, and year the Safe Baby™ curriculum implemented were significantly associated with safe infant sleep practices.

Conclusion: Bearing this in mind, FL MIECHV can tailor safe sleep education, messaging, and strategies to support participants at highest risk. Recent adoption of the Safe Baby™ curriculum, and associated staff training, was an important factor influencing parents' infant sleep practices.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Consultation (Parent/Family), , PARENT_FAMILY

Intervention Description: This study assessed to what extent an intervention increased delivery of cessation assistance to breast-feeding mothers who smoke.

Intervention Results: Current breast feeding was associated with a reduced likelihood of current smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.38, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.25 to 0.57) and a greater likelihood of quitting smoking (aOR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.29 to 4.21) after controlling for known confounders. Mothers who concurrently smoked and breast-fed were more likely to be asked about smoking (66.7% vs. 28.6%, p = .01), advised to quit (61.1% vs. 21.4%, p < .01), prescribed nicotine replacement therapy (50.0% vs. 0%, p < .001), and enrolled into the quitline (27.8% vs. 0%, p < .01) at CEASE practices compared to control practices.

Conclusion: Breast-feeding mothers were less likely to be current smokers and more likely to have recently quit smoking. Among mothers who continue to smoke and breast feed, the CEASE intervention enhances delivery of smoking cessation assistance.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): PAYER, Expanded Insurance Coverage, HEALTH_CARE_PROVIDER_PRACTICE, Public Insurance (Health Care Provider/Practice), Educational Material (Provider), PARENT_FAMILY, Training (Parent/Family), PROFESSIONAL_CAREGIVER, Outreach (caregiver), PATIENT_CONSUMER, Peer Counselor, Parent Mentors

Intervention Description: The aim of the Kids’ Health Insurance by Educating Lots of Parents (Kids’ HELP) study was to evaluate the effects of parent mentors – Latino parents with children covered by Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) – on insuring Latino children in a community-based trial of uninsured children from 2011-2015. Parent mentors were trained to assist families in getting insurance coverage, accessing health care, and addressing social determinants of health. The intervention group was assigned parent mentors – trained, fluently bilingual Latino parents who had at least one child insured by Medicaid or CHIP for at least one year. Parent mentors attended a two-day training and received training manuals in English and Spanish with 9 training topics and one on sharing experiences. Parents mentors provided 8 services to intervention children and families (e.g., teaching about types of insurance programs and application processes; helping parents complete and submit children’s insurance applications; acting as family advocates by liaising between families and Medicaid or CHIP agencies; and helping parents complete and submit applications for coverage renewal).

Intervention Results: The study found that parent mentors were more effective than traditional methods in insuring children (95% vs. 69%), achieving faster coverage and greater parental satisfaction, reducing unmet health care needs, providing children with primary care providers, and improving the quality of well-child and subspecialty care. Children in the parent-mentor group had higher quality of overall and specialty care, lower out-of-pocket spending, and higher rates of coverage two years after the end of the intervention (100% vs. 70%). Parent mentors are highly effective in insuring uninsured Latino children and eliminating disparities. Parent mentors, as a special category of community health workers, could be an excellent fit with and complement to current state community health worker models. This RCT documented that the Kids’ HELP intervention is significantly more efficacious than traditional Medicaid and CHIP methods of insuring Latino children. Kids’ HELP eliminates coverage disparities for Latino children, insures children more quickly and with greater parental satisfaction than among control parents, enhances health care access, reduces unmet needs, improves the quality of well-child and subspecialty care, reduces out-of-pocket spending and family financial burden, empowers parents, ad creates jobs.

Conclusion: Parent mentors are highly effective in insuring uninsured Latino children and eliminating disparities.

Study Design: RCT

Setting: Community (Communities in Dallas County, Texas with the highest proportions of uninsured and low-income minority children)

Population of Focus: Uninsured children 0-18 years old whose primary caregiver identified them as Latino and uninsured and reported meeting Medicaid/CHIP eligibility criteria for the child

Data Source: Kids’ HELP trial data; questionnaires

Sample Size: 155 subjects (children and parents); 75 in the control group and 80 in the intervention group

Age Range: 0-18 years

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): PAYER, Expanded Insurance Coverage, HEALTH_CARE_PROVIDER_PRACTICE, Public Insurance (Health Care Provider/Practice), Educational Material (Provider), PARENT_FAMILY, Training (Parent/Family), PROFESSIONAL_CAREGIVER, Outreach (caregiver), PATIENT_CONSUMER, Peer Counselor, Parent Mentors

Intervention Description: This study examined the effects of parent mentors on insuring minority children in the Kids’ Health Insurance by Educating Lots of Parents (Kids’ HELP) program. Parent mentors were experienced parents with ≥1 Medicaid/CHIP-covered child who received 2 days of training, then assisted families for 1 year with insurance applications, retaining coverage, medical homes, and social needs; controls received traditional Medicaid/CHIP outreach. Parent mentors received monthly stipends for each family mentored. Parents mentors and intervention participants were matched by race/ethnicity and zip code, whenever possible. Latino families were matched with fluently bilingual Latino parent mentors. Session content for the 2-day training was based on training provided to community case managers in the research team’s previous successful RCT and addressed 9 topics (e.g., why health insurance is so important; being a successful parent mentor; parent mentor responsibilities; Medicaid and CHIP programs and the application process; the importance of medical homes).

Intervention Results: In the Kids’ HELP trial, the intervention was more effective than traditional outreach/enrollment in insuring uninsured minority children, resulting in 95% of children obtaining insurance vs. 68% of controls. The intervention also insured children faster, and was more effective in renewing coverage, improving access to medical and dental care, reducing out-of-pocket costs, achieving parental satisfaction and quality of care, and sustaining insurance after intervention cessation. This is the first RCT to evaluate the effectiveness of parent mentors in insuring uninsured children. Kids’ HELP could possibly save $12.1 to $14.1 billion. Parent mentors were more effective in improving access to primary, dental, and specialty care; reducing unmet needs, achieving parental satisfaction with care, and sustaining long-term coverage. Parent mentors resulted in lower out-of-pocket costs for doctor and sick visits, higher well-child care quality ratings, and higher levels of parental satisfaction and respect from children’s physicians.

Conclusion: PMs are more effective than traditional Medicaid/CHIP methods in insuring uninsured minority children, improving health care access, and achieving parental satisfaction, but are inexpensive and highly cost-effective.

Study Design: RCT

Setting: Community (Communities in Dallas County, Texas with the highest proportions of uninsured and low-income minority children)

Population of Focus: Primary caregiver had ≥1 child 0 to 18 years old who lacked health insurance but was Medicaid/CHIP eligible, and the primary caregiver self-identified the child as Latino/Hispanic or African-American

Data Source: Kids’ HELP trial data; questionnaires; national, state, and regional surveys

Sample Size: 237 participants; 114 in the control group and 123 in the intervention group

Age Range: 0-18 years

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Screen Time, PARENT_FAMILY

Intervention Description: A total of 24 adolescents, aged 12 to 14 years, participated in a 4-week program comprising 8 1-hour modules designed to develop health literacy and physical skills. This self-paced user-centered program was delivered via an app and provided health-related learning content as well as goal setting and self-assessment tasks. PA performed during the 4-week program was captured by an activity tracker to support learning and help the adolescents self-assess their achievements against personal goals. The data were analyzed using a consistency rate and daily behavior clustering to reveal any PA changes, particularly regarding adherence to international recommendations.

Intervention Results: The consistency rate of daily steps revealed that the adolescents reached 11,000 steps per day 48% (approximately 3.4 days per week) of the time in the first week of the program, and this peaked at 59% (approximately 4.1 days per week) toward the end of the program. PA data showed an overall increase during the program, particularly in the less active adolescents, who increased their daily steps by 15% and ultimately reached 11,000 steps more frequently. The consistency of daily behavior clustering showed a 27% increase in adherence to international recommendations in the least active adolescents.

Conclusion: Technology-supported educational programs that include self-monitored PA via activity trackers can be successfully delivered to adolescents in schools in remote Pacific areas. New data mining techniques enable innovative analyses of PA engagement based on the international recommendations.

Study Design: Exploratory study

Setting: A rural school in New Caledonia

Population of Focus: Middle school aged children

Data Source: Physical fitness tests, activity trackers, student self-report

Sample Size: 24 students

Age Range: Ages 12-14

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Education on Disease/Condition, Notification/Information Materials (Online Resources, Information Guide), Planning for Transition, PARENT_FAMILY, YOUTH, HEALTH_CARE_PROVIDER_PRACTICE

Intervention Description: This quality improvement project focused on improving transition to adult health care by creating varied supports for the patient, family, and the health care team and putting them into action within a pediatric medical practice that serves over 250 adolescent and young adult patients with autism spectrum disorder.

Intervention Results: Before the supports were put into place, patients and families received limited and inconsistent communication to help them with transition. While the supports helped increase the amount and quality of help patients and families received, medical providers skipped or put off transition discussion in approximately half of well visits for targeted patients. Challenges in implementing the transition process included finding time to discuss transition-related issues with patients/families, preference of medical providers to have social workers discuss transition, and difficulty identifying adult health care providers for patients.

Conclusion: This suggests more work is needed to both train and partner with patients, families, and health staff to promote smooth and positive health transitions.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): PARENT_FAMILY, Family-Based Interventions

Intervention Description: In this study, the feasibility of a family-focused, YMCA-based prevention program for children at risk of T2D was evaluated between September 2015 and July 2016 in Tucson, Arizona. A 12-week YMCA-led lifestyle intervention was adapted for 9-12-year-old children and their families to encourage healthy eating, physical activity, and supportive home environments. Two YMCA locations were randomized to offer either a face-to-face lifestyle coach-led intervention or an alternating face-to-face and digitally-delivered intervention. Program feasibility and preliminary effects on child anthropometric and behavioral outcomes were assessed at baseline and post-intervention.

Intervention Results: Forty-eight children (10.9 ± 1.2 years old; 45% female; 40% Hispanic; 43% White; 87% obese) and their parents enrolled, and 36 (75%) completed 12-week measures. Weekly program attendance averaged 61%. Participants and coaches highly rated program content and engagement strategies. Statistically significant changes in child BMI-z score (-0.05, p = 0.03) and family food and physical activity environment (+5.5% family nutrition and physical activity score, p = 0.01) were observed.

Conclusion: A YMCA-led family-focused T2D intervention was feasible for the YMCA and participants and effects on child weight, behavior, and the home environment warranted further investigation.

Study Design: Feasibility pilot trial with pre-/postintervention

Setting: YMCA (2 locations)

Population of Focus: Children at risk of type 2 diabetes and their families

Data Source: Accelerometer, observational

Sample Size: 48 children

Age Range: Ages 9-12 (10.9 +/- 1.2 years)

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): PARENT_FAMILY, Electronic PA, Screen Time

Intervention Description: A website designed using a self-management strategy and supplemented with a geographical information system (GIS) mapping function was used to increase children's physical activity levels. A total of 524 students from six elementary schools in Taipei City completed surveys at three times during 2010 and were assigned to one of three groups: (1) a self-management group, using a website employing a goal-setting strategy and a storytelling schema based on a classical Chinese novel; (2) a knowledge-only group that was given only access to the website; or (3) a control group that was only given lectures and not allowed to access the website.

Intervention Results: After adjustment for the effects of the pretest, the self-management and knowledge-only groups were found to be more physically active and have higher self-efficacy than the control group. Moreover, the self-management group had higher scores for these two variables than the knowledge-only group. Furthermore, the intervention was more effectives for male students than female students.

Conclusion: Overall, the self-management website proved to be effective in promoting schoolchildren's physical activity. The positive correlation of self-efficacy with the ability to handle the difficulties inherent in physical activity continued for 3 months after the intervention was completed.

Study Design: Three-armed quasiexperimental study

Setting: Elementary schools in Taipei City, Taiwan

Population of Focus: Elementary school students in grades 5 and 6

Data Source: Student self-report

Sample Size: 524 students

Age Range: Ages 10-11

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Adult-led Support/Counseling/Remediation, Presentation/Meeting/Information Session/Event, PARENT_FAMILY, YOUTH

Intervention Description: This pre-experimental study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of the MINDSTRONG to Combat Bullying Program for adolescents who have experienced bullying with concurrent mental health symptoms.

Intervention Results: Twenty adolescents and their parent dyads enrolled in the MINDSTRONG to Combat Bullying program. Significant reductions were found over time in adolescent self-reported depressive, anxiety and somatic symptoms as well as bullying victimization frequency, with large positive effect sizes for the intervention. Significant increases in adolescent personal beliefs also were found.

Conclusion: Although several of the intervention sessions needed to be rescheduled and many of the adolescents did not complete their weekly skills building homework, MINDSTRONG to Combat Bullying was found to be a highly acceptable intervention for adolescents that was effective in reducing physical and mental health symptoms as well as perceptions of bullying victimization.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Referrals, Access to Provider through Hotline, Consultation (Parent/Family), PARENT_FAMILY, PATIENT_CONSUMER

Intervention Description: This study compared enrollment of parents who smoke in the quitline using electronic referral with that using manual referral.

Intervention Results: During the study period, in the eReferral group, 10.3% (24 of 233) of parents who smoked and were interested in quitting enrolled in the quitline, whereas only 2.0% (5 of 251) of them in the control group enrolled in the quitline-a difference of 8.3% (95% CI=4.0, 12.6). Parents aged ≥50 years enrolled in the quitline more frequently. Although more parents in the eReferral group connected to the quitline, among parents who had at least one quitline contact, there was no significant difference in the mean number of quitline contacts between eReferral and control groups (mean, 2.04 vs 2.40 calls; difference, 0.36 [95% CI=0.35, 1.06]).

Conclusion: Smoking parent eReferral from pediatric primary care may increase quitline enrollment and could be adopted by practices interested in increasing rates of parent treatment.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Text Messaging, STATE, WIC Food Package Change, PARENT_FAMILY

Intervention Description: Low-income mothers of infants aged 8-10 months were recruited from the Women, Infants and Children Program clinics in Prince George’s County, MD. Once enrolled, participants used text messages to receive and respond to six developmental screening questions from the Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status: Developmental Milestones. After confirming their responses, participants received the results and feedback. Project staff conducted a follow-up phone survey and invited a subset of survey respondents to attend focus groups. A representative of the County’s Infants and Toddlers Program met with or called participants whose results indicated that their infants “may be behind.”

Intervention Results: Eighty-one low-income mothers enrolled in the study, 93% of whom reported that their infants received Medicaid (75/81). In addition, 49% of the mothers were Hispanic/Latina (40/81) and 42% were African American (34/81). A total of 80% participated in follow-up surveys (65/81), and 14 mothers attended focus groups. All participants initiated the screening and responded to all six screening questions. Of the total, 79% immediately confirmed their responses (64/81), and 21% made one or more changes (17/81). Based on the final responses, 63% of participants received a text that the baby was "doing well" in all six developmental domains (51/81); furthermore, 37% received texts listing domains where their baby was "doing well" and one or more domains where their baby "may be behind" (30/81). All participants received a text with resources for follow-up. In a follow-up survey reaching 65 participants, all respondents said that they would like to answer screening questions again when their baby was older. All but one participant would recommend the tool to a friend and rated the experience of answering questions and receiving feedback by text as "very good" or "good."

Conclusion: A mobile text version of a validated developmental screening tool was both usable and acceptable by low-income mothers, including those whose infants "may be behind." Our results may inform further research on the use of the tool at older ages and options for a scalable, text-based developmental screening tool such as that in Text4baby.

Setting: Community-based

Population of Focus: Low-income mothers

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Education on Disease/Condition, Notification/Information Materials (Online Resources, Information Guide), Planning for Transition, HEALTH_CARE_PROVIDER_PRACTICE, PARENT_FAMILY, YOUTH

Intervention Description: This study evaluated the impact of establishing a transition clinic in a regional Australian setting on the lives of young adults living with severe chronic kidney disease and their families.

Intervention Results: Four key themes were identified as follows: The Model of Care; Peer support; Transition towards self-management: Building life skills; Suggestions for improvement and limitations of the service model. The non-institutional, informal clinic setting and social/educational activities facilitated engagement, self-management and peer support for young people and parents. Suggestions for improvement included involvement of older peers, additional life skills sessions and a youth worker.

Conclusion: This regional transition clinic is valued by the young people and their parents for generating peer support, building self-management and life skills. Sustainability of the clinic depends upon having the appropriate expertise available, access to a suitable venue and offering a program that meets the needs of young people.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Social Media, Notification/Information Materials (Online Resources, Information Guide), , PARENT_FAMILY, COMMUNITY

Intervention Description: We compared the impact of safe sleep or breastfeeding mHealth messaging on bedsharing and breastfeeding at 2 to 5 months.

Intervention Results: Overall, exposure to breastfeeding versus safe sleep messaging was not associated with a difference in any breastfeeding at 2 to 5 months (69.3% vs 65.5%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.33 [95% confidence interval, 0.91, 1.94]). Women with shorter planned duration of breastfeeding who received breastfeeding messaging had increased odds of breastfeeding at 2 to 5 months (50% vs 31%; aOR 3.13 [95% CI, 1.47, 6.65]). Mothers who received safe sleep messaging had lower rates of bedsharing overall when compared to breastfeeding messaging (24.8% vs 35.2%; aOR = 0.58 [95% CI, 0.44, 0.78]).

Conclusion: In this large multi-ethnic US sample, receipt of safe sleep mHealth messaging was associated with lower rates of bedsharing without negatively impacting breastfeeding rates. Future research should focus on continued development of interventions to improve adherence to both safe sleep and breastfeeding recommendations.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Training (Parent/Family), PARENT_FAMILY

Intervention Description: We ask whether improving early childhood parenting can reduce subsequent bullying behavior by the children.

Intervention Results: Adolescent children are significantly less likely to bully their peers if their parents received the parenting training when their children were in preschools. The effects are stronger for boys and for aggressive forms of bullying such as 'beating' and 'threatening'. Treatment-on-the-treated effects are greater in magnitude and more significant than intent-to-treat effects, suggesting that the effects are driven by program participants. No effect is found for cyberbullying and for victimization. The results were robust to using multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting. We also find suggestive evidence that the effects on bullying are not explained by changes in externalizing behavior.

Conclusion: We show that improving early childhood parenting can have important public health benefits through reduction in adolescent bullying behavior.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Outreach (Provider), Continuity of Care (Caseload), Notification/Information Materials (Online Resources, Information Guide), HEALTH_CARE_PROVIDER_PRACTICE, PARENT_FAMILY, Telehealth

Intervention Description: The purpose of this project was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of videoconference handoffs between inpatient, case management, and home care nurses, and the patients/families during transitions of care from hospital to home care.

Intervention Results: Videoconference handoffs (n = 10) were found to be feasible and address gaps in communication, coordination of care, and patient/family engagement during transitions from hospital to home care.

Conclusion: Postpilot, nurses agreed the videoconference handoffs should continue with minimal modifications.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Nurse/Nurse Practitioner, Patient-Centered Medical Home, Notification/Information Materials (Online Resources, Information Guide), PARENT_FAMILY, HEALTH_CARE_PROVIDER_PRACTICE

Intervention Description: We aimed to integrate nurse care managers to coordinate care for such patients, and then evaluate, if this improved health care utilization.

Intervention Results: Three medical home-based nurse care managers were integrated into four pediatric hospital affiliated practices in a large, urban center. The number of ED visits and inpatient admissions were statistically significantly decreased post-intervention (p < 0.05).There was also a decrease in the number of subspecialty visits, but it was close to the threshold of significance (p = 0.054). There was no impact noted on primary care visits.

Conclusion: This quality improvement project demonstrates that nurse care managers who are integrated into the medical home of CSHCN can potentially decrease the utilization of ED visits and hospital admissions as well as subspecialty visits. Practice implications Nurse care managers can play a pivotal role in medical home redesign for the care of CSHCN.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Education/Training (caregiver), Training (Parent/Family), PROFESSIONAL_CAREGIVER, PARENT_FAMILY

Intervention Description: A few behavior analytic studies have examined behavioral skills training to teach adults to arrange safe infant sleeping environments. These studies were conducted in an analogue environment, and no data were collected outside the training setting. The purpose of the current study was to replicate and extend the extant literature.

Intervention Results: As in previous studies, behavioral skills training resulted in positive outcomes, and follow-up data suggested that the technology-based contingency management procedure may be a promising approach to promoting adherence with infant sleeping environment recommendations.

Conclusion: The researchers provided a 4-week long education and counseling service to mothers in the experimental group via direct phone calls and text messages. It was determined that the tele-education given to mothers about breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic increased breastfeeding success and perceived breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): PARENT_FAMILY, Screen Time

Intervention Description: Data were from the Mothers and their Children's Health study and the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Mothers (n = 2409) indicated the types of fixed active (eg, trampolines), portable active (eg, bicycles), and electronic (eg, computers) equipment at home, and the number of days children (n = 4092, aged 5-12 y, 51% boys) met PA guidelines. Latent class analysis was used to identify combinations of equipment, and linear regressions were used to investigate associations with PA.

Intervention Results: Compared with children with high active (fixed and portable) and medium electronic equipment, children with portable active and medium (B = -0.53; 95% confidence interval, -0.72 to -0.34) or high (B = -0.58; 95% confidence interval, -0.83 to -0.33) electronic equipment met the guidelines on fewer days. Children with similar active equipment (but more electronic equipment) met the PA guidelines on fewer days (mean difference = -0.51, SE = 0.14, P = .002).

Conclusion: Having the right combination of play equipment at home may be important for children's PA.

Study Design: Cross-sectional

Setting: Mothers and children from Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH)

Population of Focus: Women with children aged 5-12 years with complete information in ALSWH

Data Source: Questionnaires

Sample Size: 4,092 children and 2,409 mothers

Age Range: Ages 5-12

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): PARENT_FAMILY, Family-Based Interventions

Intervention Description: Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and high physical fitness are extremely important to the health of children and track to positive health profiles in adulthood. Family-based interventions to improve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity are essential given that children live within a structure of parental influence. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a parent planning skills intervention to support child physical activity on the subsequent moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (primary outcome) and fitness of their children across 26 weeks (primary endpoint).

Intervention Results: Generalized linear mixed modeling conducted in 2019 showed that the patterns varied by condition over time (β=-0.05, p<0.05), where children in the planning intervention significantly increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity compared with the education condition at 6 weeks and 13 weeks but not at 26 weeks. Aerobic fitness (p=0.04, d=0.26) was the only significant health-related physical fitness change between the two groups and favored the planning group over the education group.

Conclusion: There was initial efficacy of the planning intervention, but effectiveness waned by 26 weeks. These changes appeared to be sufficient for modest changes in aerobic fitness. Future research should aim to improve the maintenance of these early positive changes and assist parents in planning for activities that also include opportunities to improve child musculoskeletal fitness.

Study Design: Two-arm RCT

Setting: Families in Victoria, British Columbia

Population of Focus: Students not meeting 60 minutes of MVPA per day

Data Source: Accelerometer

Sample Size: 102 students

Age Range: Ages 6-12

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Notification/Information Materials (Online Resources, Information Guide), Continuity of Care (Caseload), Enabling Services, HEALTH_CARE_PROVIDER_PRACTICE, PATIENT_CONSUMER, PARENT_FAMILY

Intervention Description: To identify the diverse services required by families of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) and identify the specific care coordination (CC) efforts associated with the most common types of observed diagnoses. Requested services were categorized into specific sectors, and CC efforts were quantified by observed diagnoses and defined sectors.

Intervention Results: A total of 2682 CSHCN records were reviewed. The majority (59%) required services/resources in 1 to 2 sectors, 24% required services/resources in 3 to 5 sectors, and 17% required services/resources in 6 or more sectors. Including informational service, the most frequently required sectors across the study population were education, financial, medical/dental, social connections, and advocacy. Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder had the highest needs across all sectors

Conclusion: Most CSHCN and their families use a substantial amount of CC time and effort to secure services from diverse sectors. High-quality and efficient CC requires an understanding of the specific needs of these CSHCN and their families and how to link them to a diverse array of services and resources.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): PARENT_FAMILY, Training (Parent/Family), Electronic PA, Family-Based Interventions, Media Campaign (Print Materials, Radio, TV), COMMUNITY

Intervention Description: Social media is an important communication tool during times of crisis because of its vast reach. Understanding the effectiveness of sharing public health guidance and promoting school children's physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic can inform dissemination best practices. We classified 418 posts from parent/community members of a school-based physical activity Facebook group by content type, and used concurrent mixed methods to examine (1) differences in dissemination effectiveness (reactions, shares, and comments) between two pandemic phases and (2) themes and sentiments of comments. Phase I included school closures through the release of national school re-entry guidelines (March 1, 2020 – May 15, 2020) and Phase II extended through the school year start (May 16, 2020 – August 1, 2020).

Intervention Results: Policy and guidance posts prompted more comments while feel-good stories produced more reactions compared to other content types. Members reacted more during Phase II, which mainly consisted of policy and guidance (86%). Four major themes of information and resources, personal disclosures, questions and concerns, and support for educators emerged.

Conclusion: Sharing public health guidance for schoolchildren on social media was an effective strategy to disseminate information when in-person discourse was limited. Creating social media spaces where discussion is encouraged can provide social and emotional support for parents/community members.

Study Design: Concurrent Mixed Methods

Setting: Social media (public Facebook group in a large metropolitan area in the southwest US)

Population of Focus: Parents of school-aged children

Sample Size: 418 posts to a public Facebook group with approximately 1,500 members

Age Range: N/A

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Online Material/Education/Blogging, , PATIENT_CONSUMER, PARENT_FAMILY, Training (Parent/Family)

Intervention Description: This study examined effective strategies to communicate with parent smokers about the risks of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure to children.

Intervention Results: Parent smokers who viewed either message recommendation reported greater harm perceptions (p <.001), self-efficacy (p <.001), and help-seeking intentions (p <.05) than the no-message control group. Cessation+exposure reduction recommendations elicited greater quit intentions than the no-message control (p <.05). Compared to text-only, videos elicited greater reduce-exposure intentions (p <.05) and interpersonal communication intentions (p <.05). Only videos elicited greater quit intentions (p <.01) and help-seeking intentions (p <.01) than the no-message control.

Conclusion: Communication about this topic can be optimized by recommending both cessation and exposure-reduction behaviors (versus cessation only), and by using videos (versus traditional print/text-based materials).

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Continuing Education of Hospital Providers, Education/Training (caregiver), Notification/Information Materials (Online Resources, Information Guide), PARENT_FAMILY, PROFESSIONAL_CAREGIVER, HOSPITAL

Intervention Description: The purpose of this study is to determine knowledge of perinatal nurses, nursing assistants, physicians, and ancillary personnel about safe sleep recommendations and implementation of safe sleep practices on the mother-baby unit.

Intervention Results: N = 144 surveys were completed; most participants (86%) were nurses. They had high levels of knowledge about safe sleep recommendations and 74% reported making at least one safe sleep adjustment during one shift per week. The most common modifications at least once per week were removing baby from a sleeping caregiver (30%) and removing items from baby's bassinet (26%). Safe sleep audit findings revealed 32 out of 120 couplets were not fully following safe sleep recommendations, with most common unsafe sleep practice metrics being items in the baby's bassinet (18%) and bassinets propped up (8%).

Conclusion: During the hospitalization for childbirth, new parents can learn about safe sleep practices from the perinatal health care team. Sharing information and role modeling safe sleep practices can promote continuation of safe sleep practices for the newborn at home after hospital discharge.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Text Messaging, PARENT_FAMILY

Intervention Description: Researchers designed and implemented Baby Steps Text, an automated text message-based screening tool. Researchers conducted preliminary user research via storyboarding and prototyping with target populations and then developed a fully functional system. In a one-month deployment study, researchers evaluated the feasibility of Baby Steps Text with fourteen families.

Intervention Results: During a one-month study, 13 out of 14 participants were able to learn and use the response structure (yielding 2.88% error rate) and complete a child development screener entirely via text messages. All post-study survey respondents agreed Baby Steps Text was understandable and easy to use, which was also confirmed through post-study interviews. Some survey respondents expressed liking Baby Steps Text because it was easy, quick, convenient to use, and delivered helpful, timely information.

Conclusion: Our initial deployment study shows text messaging is a feasible tool for supporting parents in tracking and monitoring their child's development.

Setting: Community-based

Population of Focus: Underserved, low-income families

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Counseling (Parent/Family), EMR Reminder, Care Coordination, Integration into Adult Care, Pediatric to Adult Transfer Assistance, Planning for Transition, PARENT_FAMILY, HEALTH_CARE_PROVIDER_PRACTICE

Intervention Description: The Multidisciplinary Intervention Navigation Team (MINT) was developed to decrease variations in pediatric to adult medical transitions. System-level goals were to (1) increase provider and leadership engagement, (2) increase transition tools, (3) increase use of electronic medical record-based clinical decision supports, (4) improve transition practices through development of transition policies and clinical pathways; (5) increase transition education for patients and caregivers; (6) increase the adult provider referral network; and (7) implement an adult transition consult service for complex patients (MINT Consult).

Intervention Results: Between July 2015 and March 2017, MINT identified 11 transition champions, increased the number of divisions with drafted transition policies from 0 to 7, increased utilization of electronic medical record-based transition support tools from 0 to 7 divisions, held seven psychoeducational events, and developed a clinical pathway. MINT has received more than 70 patient referrals. Of patients referred, median age is 21 years (range, 17-43); 70% (n = 42) have an intellectual disability. Referring pediatric providers (n = 25) reported that MINT helped identify adult providers and coordinate care with other Children's Hospital of Philadelphia specialists (78%); and that MINT saved greater than 2 hours of time (48%).

Conclusion: MINT improved the availability, knowledge, and use of transition-related resources; saved significant time among care team members; and increased provider comfort around transition-related conversations.

Study Design: Cohort pilot evaluation

Setting: Hospital-based (Free-standing tertiary pediatric academic hospital (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP))

Population of Focus: Patients aged 17-43 who had not transitioned from pediatric to adult care for medically complex patients

Data Source: Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire; electronic medical records; surveys

Sample Size: Total number not given, but there were 80 consults given over 2 years; 74 were deemed appropriate referrals

Age Range: 17-43 years (median age 20)

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): PARENT_FAMILY, Family-Based Interventions

Intervention Description: Seventy-one mother-child-pairs were divided into two categories based on mothers' musical background. Each pair performed 8 weeks exercise intervention using movement-to-music video program. SB and PA were assessed objectively by accelerometer, and exercise activity, fidelity, and enjoyment were assessed via exercise diaries and questionnaires. Logistic regression model was used to analyze associations in the main outcomes between the groups.

Intervention Results: Those children whose mothers had musical background (MB) had greater probability to increase their light PA during the intervention, but not moderate-to-vigorous PA compared to those children whose mothers did not have musical background (NMB). SB increased in both groups. Mothers in the NMB group had greater probability to increase their light and moderate-to-vigorous PA and decrease their SB than mothers in the MB group. However, exercise adherence decreased considerably in all groups. Completeness, fidelity, and enjoyment were higher among the NMB group compared to the MB group.

Conclusion: The present results showed that mothers without musical background were more interested in movement-to-music exercises, as well as their children. For further studies it would be important to evaluate an effect of children's own music-based activities on their SB and PA.

Study Design: RCT

Setting: Mother-child pairs using a music to move video program in the Pirkanmaa area, Finland

Population of Focus: Mother-child pairs in subgroup analysis of an intervention group in RCT called Moving Sound

Data Source: Accelerometers, exercise diary, questionnaires

Sample Size: 71 mother-child pairs

Age Range: Age 6

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Electronic PA, PARENT_FAMILY

Intervention Description: To examine how AVG influences children's physical activity, sedentary screen-based activities, and other alternative activities.

Intervention Results: AVG play increased during the intervention (p < 0.01). Light activity and SVG play both decreased baseline to 10 weeks (p = 0.006) and 6 to 10 weeks (p = 0.017). Non-SVG sedentary behavior increased from baseline to 10 weeks (p = 0.005) and 6 to 10 weeks (p = 0.007). Changes over time were not observed in physical activity, or recall-measured active play, social activities, other hobbies, television or computer/phone use.

Conclusion: AVG play did not change children's objectively-measured physical activity or subjectively measured active play. SVG time was substituted with other sedentary behaviors. AVG did not increase time engaged in SVG or screen-based devices.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Nurse/Nurse Practitioner, Counseling (Parent/Family), Care Coordination, Integration into Adult Care, Pediatric to Adult Transfer Assistance, Planning for Transition, PARENT_FAMILY, HEALTH_CARE_PROVIDER_PRACTICE

Intervention Description: Reaching a certain age, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients in paediatric care are transferred to adult care. An increased disease activity after transfer and increased dropout has been suggested, however, evidence is scarce. Our aim is to determine whether the process of transition is associated with increased disease-activity and dropout, and to identify associated factors. During a 3-year prospective transition cohort study, paediatric patients (14-17yrs) were transferred to adult care. Paediatric (10-13yrs) and adult JIA patients (18-27yrs) were used as control groups. Demographic and disease-related items were obtained yearly. Non-parametric tests were used to compare differences between the groups and mixed models to evaluate disease activity over time, measured by JADAS27 and DAS28. Dropout was defined as not attending the clinic for 2 consecutive visits.

Intervention Results: Groups did not differ regarding baseline variables of subtype, gender, uveitis, ANA-, RF- or HLA B27-positivity and current or past DMARD use. Median disease activity was not different between groups during follow-up. Transfer was not associated with disease activity. Dropout rate was 12%, and was significantly higher in patients under transition (22%) compared with paediatric (3%) and adult care (10%). Patients who dropped out had significantly lower disease activity at baseline and were using less MTX, but did not differ regarding subtype, ANA, RF and HLA-B27.

Conclusion: The process of transition in JIA is not associated with an increase in disease activity, however, this period carries a risk for drop out especially in patients with low disease activity.

Study Design: e Longitudinal transition cohort study

Setting: Clinic-based (Out-patient clinics of university hospitals)

Population of Focus: Juvenile idiopathic diabetes 1 patients transferring to adult care

Data Source: Medical records

Sample Size: 64 patients

Age Range: 14-17 years of age

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Notification/Information Materials (Online Resources, Information Guide), Outreach (Provider), PARENT_FAMILY, HEALTH_CARE_PROVIDER_PRACTICE

Intervention Description: We are now offering the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to any eligible individual in the office during our regularly scheduled clinic hours and are also offering unique vaccination clinics during our evening back-to-school physical nights in the late summer and early fall. Through our experience offering the COVID-19 vaccine to caregivers in our practice, we have found the following: (1) in addition to adolescent and young adult patients receiving the COVID-19 vaccine in the practice, we have provided the vaccine to several caregivers each day (more than 60 doses administered in 1 month); (2) a number of caregivers have reported appreciation for the convenience afforded by getting the vaccine while they were already at a visit for their child; (3) some caregivers have taken the opportunity to receive the vaccine together with their children in solidarity; and (4) several caregivers have stated that they appreciate the comfort and trust of getting the vaccine in the pediatric practice.

Intervention Results: Logistically, vaccinating family members and other nonpatients in our practice required some preparation and additional staffing. We needed a method for scheduling vaccine encounters in the electronic medical record (even for those not previously registered), securing adequate and appropriate vaccine supply and storage, ensuring adequate nursing resources, and developing workflow protocols. We also encouraged all team members who interact with patients and families in the practice (eg, physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, social workers, behavioral health specialists) to ask about the COVID-19 vaccine, offer the opportunity for discussion with a clinician, and inform them of the opportunity to receive the vaccine in the office if desired (with second booster doses scheduled 3 weeks later for the Pfizer vaccine). In addition to the effort from our dedicated practice staff, the institution was able to support additional part-time nursing coverage (4 hours per day) for vaccination efforts using their COVID-19 emergency funds.

Conclusion: We also encouraged all team members who interact with patients and families in the practice (eg, physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, social workers, behavioral health specialists) to ask about the COVID-19 vaccine, offer the opportunity for discussion with a clinician, and inform them of the opportunity to receive the vaccine in the office if desired (with second booster doses scheduled 3 weeks later for the Pfizer vaccine). In addition to the effort from our dedicated practice staff, the institution was able to support additional part-time nursing coverage (4 hours per day) for vaccination efforts using their COVID-19 emergency funds.

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): PARENT_FAMILY, Family-Based Interventions

Intervention Description: Family health promoters from participating communities delivered 6 healthy eating modules, 4 physical activity modules, and 2 modules synthesizing information in 12 home visits (60-90 minutes) within the first 6 months. Up to 12 follow-up phone calls to each participant occurred within the second 6 months.

Intervention Results: In total, 151 persons (81 adolescents and 70 adults; 44 families) were randomly assigned. At 12 months, significant improvement occurred in Healthy Eating Index scores for adults in the intervention group compared with controls (change, +8.6 vs -4.4; P < .01) and persisted at 24 months (+7.4 from baseline; P < .01). No differences were observed for adolescents and no significant differences occurred between groups for physical activity.

Conclusion: This intervention produced sustained dietary quality improvement among adults but not among adolescents. Program outcomes are relevant to communities working to decrease cardiovascular risk among immigrant populations.

Study Design: RCT

Setting: U.S. Midwest city (community-based/home visiting)

Population of Focus: Hispanic, Somali, and Sudanese communities in Rochester, Minnesota

Data Source: Self-report and accelerometers

Sample Size: 151 (81 adolescents, 70 adults across 44 families)

Age Range: Ages 12-14

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): YOUTH, Education on Disease/Condition, Counseling (Parent/Family), Planning for Transition, Pediatric to Adult Transfer Assistance, PARENT_FAMILY, HEALTH_CARE_PROVIDER_PRACTICE

Intervention Description: There is no model for the process of transition of adolescents with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) to the adult care protocol. We recently established a transition clinic where 17-year-old to 18-year-old IBD patients are seen by a multidisciplinary team including pediatric and adult gastroenterologists with expertise in IBD treatments, an IBD nurse, and a psychologist. We quantitatively describe this model and its benefits, and correlate demographic and transition parameters to self-efficacy in IBD adolescent patients before and after transition. All adolescent IBD patients enrolled in our transition clinic between January 2013 and December 2015 were included. They completed a self-efficacy questionnaire ('IBD-yourself') before and after the transition. The scores were correlated to demographic, disease, and transition parameters.

Intervention Results: Thirty of the 36 enrolled patients (mean age: 19±1.8 years, range: 17-27) had Crohn's disease. Twenty-seven patients completed the transition protocol, which included an average of 3-4 meetings (range: 2-8) over 6.9±3.5 months. Self-efficacy scores in all domains of the questionnaire were significantly higher after completion of the transition. The weighted average score of the questionnaire's domains was 1.85±0.3 before and 1.41±0.21 after transition (P<0.0001). Age, sex, disease duration, duration of transition, and the number of meetings in the clinic correlated with the questionnaire's scores in the domains of coping with IBD, knowledge of the transition process, and medication use.

Conclusion: A well-planned adolescent IBD transition clinic contributes significantly toward improved self-efficacy in IBD. We recommend its implementation in IBD centers to enable a personalized transition program tailored to the needs of adolescents with IBD in specific domains.

Study Design: Quasi- experimental pre post

Setting: Hospital-based (Pediatric and adult IBD centers in a hospital)

Population of Focus: 36 IBD patients who started the transition process (January 2013-December 2015) in the adolescent transition clinic in the institute/hospital

Data Source: Questionnaires

Sample Size: 36 patients

Age Range: 17-27 years of age (median: 18.5)