Established Evidence Results

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Below are articles that support specific interventions to advance MCH National Performance Measures (NPMs) and Standardized Measures (SMs). Most interventions contain multiple components as part of a coordinated strategy/approach.

Displaying records 1 through 3 (3 total).

Eakin MN, Rand CS, Borrelli B, Bilderback A, Hovell M, Riekert KA. Effectiveness of motivational interviewing to reduce Head Start children’s secondhand smoke exposure: a randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2014;189(12):1530–7.

Evidence Rating: Moderate Evidence

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): CAREGIVER, Motivational Interviewing/Counseling, SCHOOL, Head Start Participation

Intervention Description: To evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) delivered in the context of a SHS education reduction initiative within Head Start to reduce preschool children’s SHS exposure.

Intervention Results: The primary outcome measure was household air nicotine levels measured by passive dosimeters. Secondary outcomes included child salivary cotinine, self-report of home smoking ban (HSB), and smoking status. Participants in the MI + education group had significantly lower air nicotine levels (0.29 vs. 0.40 mg), 17% increase in prevalence of caregiver-reported HSBs, and a 13% decrease in caregiver smokers compared with education-alone group (all P values < 0.05). Although group differences in salivary cotinine were not significant, among all families who reported having an HSB, salivary cotinine and air nicotine levels declined in both groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: MI may be effective in community settings to reduce child SHSe. More research is needed to identify ways to tailor interventions to directly impact child SHSe and to engage more families to make behavioral change.

Study Design: Randomized trial with two implementation groups, no controls

Setting: Head Start Program

Population of Focus: Children aged 6 months to 6 years whose caregivers reported a smoker living in the household and who spoke English

Data Source: Data collected by project staff

Sample Size: 350 children were recruited

Age Range: Not specified

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Lawton, K., Hess, L., McCarthy, H., Marini, M., McNitt, K., & Savage, J. S. (2022). Feasibility of Using Facebook to Engage SNAP-Ed Eligible Parents and Provide Education on Eating Well on a Budget. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(3), 1457.

Evidence Rating: Emerging

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): Head Start Participation,

Intervention Description: The intervention description in the study involved a 3-week Facebook group program based on Sesame Street's Food for Thought: Eating Well on a Budget curriculum.

Intervention Results: Qualitative data were used to assess knowledge, attitudes, and barriers experienced related to healthy eating on a budget. The results suggest that parents were engaged throughout the intervention, as evidenced by views, likes, and comments on Facebook posts, as well as by study retention (90%). Interactions with the intervention materials varied by post content, with discussion questions having the highest level of interaction.

Conclusion: Facebook was found to be a feasible platform for delivering the intervention, and the Facebook-adapted version of the Sesame Street curriculum was shown to engage Head Start parents living in rural areas. Further research should explore the use of social media platforms for delivering nutrition education interventions to rural populations that are otherwise difficult to reach.

Study Design: Convienience sample

Setting: Web-based

Population of Focus: Parents of preschool-aged children

Sample Size: 25

Age Range: 3/5/2024

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Martin AB, Hardin JW, Veschusio C, Kirby HA. Differences in dental service utilization by rural children with and without participation in Head Start. Pediatr Dent. 2012;34(5):107-111.

Evidence Rating: Emerging Evidence

Intervention Components (click on component to see a list of all articles that use that intervention): SCHOOL, Head Start Participation

Intervention Description: The purpose of this study was to assess differences in dental and medical care utilization for dental problems between rural Head Start (HS) participants and a nonexposed group.

Intervention Results: Head Start participants were more than twice as likely to visit dentists for preventive, diagnostic, and restorative care (P<.001). The odds ratio of HS participants relative to the nonexposed group for PC visits for oral health problems was 1.94 (P=.03). No differences between HS participants and the nonexposed group for oral health-related ER visits were observed (P=0.33).

Conclusion: Head Start participants accessed dental care with greater frequency than the nonexposed group. Findings provide evidence that Head Start grantees positively impact dental service utilization for their children. Future research should examine the programmatic features to which the outcomes can be attributed and whether utilization trends continue after Head Start completion.

Study Design: QE: nonequivalent control group

Setting: 7 counties in SC

Population of Focus: Children enrolled in Medicaid for at least 9 of 12 months for each year of the study period

Data Source: Medicaid claims and enrollment data

Sample Size: Exposed (n=985) Unexposed (n=1,969)

Age Range: not specified

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