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Strengthen the Evidence for Maternal and Child Health Programs

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Items in this list may be obtained from the sources cited. Contact information reflects the most current data about the source that has been provided to the MCH Digital Library.


Displaying records 1 through 20 (21 total).

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. n.d.. A family guide—20 easy steps to personal environmental health now. Research Triangle Park, NC: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 8 pp.

Annotation: This brochure provides simple steps that families can take to make their environment healthier. Topics include label reading, noise, carbon monoxide alarms, child safety, job hazards, allergies, water pollution, lead, radon, overheating, ozone, handwashing, healthy eating, tobacco products, and sun exposure.

Contact: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, MD K3-16, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233, Telephone: (919) 541-3345 Fax: (919) 541-4395 E-mail: webcenter@niehs Web Site: http://www.niehs.nih.gov/ Available at no charge; also available from the website.

Keywords: Allergies, Chemicals, Child health, Environment, Environmental exposure, Environmental health, Families, Lead poisoning, Radon, Safety, Sun exposure, Water pollution

Public Health Communications Collaborative. n.d.. Fluoride: What it is, and why it matters for individual and community health. [No place]: Public Health Communications Collaborative, 2 pp.

Annotation: This fact sheet provides information about fluoride. It describes what fluoride is and how community fluoridated water with 0.7–1.2 milligrams of fluoride per liter of water is safe to drink and helps strengthen teeth, prevent tooth decay, and decrease the need for costly dental treatment.

Contact: Public Health Communications Collaborative, Web Site: https://publichealthcollaborative.org Available from the website.

Keywords: Community health, Cost, Dental caries, Disease prevention, Drinking water, Safety, Fluoride, Oral health, Treatment

Hannan C, Espinoza L. 2024. Statement on the evidence supporting the safety and effectiveness of community water fluoridation. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4 pp.

Annotation: This statement focuses on the safety and benefits of community water fluoridation (CWF). Contents include evidence showing that CWF programs are an effective, cost-saving, and safe intervention for preventing tooth decay and promoting oral health across the lifespan. The effectiveness of CWF compared with other methods of fluoride delivery is discussed, along with the return on investment of CWF, both for families and for the health care system as a whole. Risks that may accompany CWF are addressed.

Contact: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, Telephone: (800) 232-4636 Secondary Telephone: (888) 232-6348 E-mail: https://www.cdc.gov/cdc-info/forms/contact-us.html Web Site: http://www.cdc.gov Available from the website.

Keywords: Community based services, Cost effectiveness, Disease prevention, Fluorides, Life course, Oral health, Safety, Water

American Academy of Pediatrics . 2023. Drinking water from private wells and risks to children. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics,

Annotation: This policy statement presents recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics for the inspection, testing, and remediation of private wells to provide safe drinking water for children.

Contact: American Academy of Pediatrics, 345 Park Boulevard, Itasca, IL 60143, Telephone: 800/433-9016 Secondary Telephone: 202/347-8600 E-mail: https://www.aap.org/en/pages/contact-us/contact-national-headquarters/ Web Site: https://www.aap.org

Keywords: Child health, Prevention, Safety, Water pollution, Water quality

Rhode Island Department of Health. 2023. A statement on community water fluoridation safety and efficacy. Providence, RI: Rhode Island Department of Health, 5 pp.

Annotation: This report presents a statement from the Rhode Island Department of Public Health on the safety and efficacy of community water fluoridation (CWF), issued in response to claims that CWF is harmful. The report discusses how water safety is defined and determined and evidence for the effectiveness of CWF in reducing tooth decay. Links to reports and articles that provide evidence of CWF safety are provided, along with a discussion of how research indicates that CWF is safe.

Contact: Rhode Island Department of Health, Three Capitol Hill, Providence, RI 02908, Telephone: (401) 222-5960 Web Site: http://www.health.state.ri.us Available from the website.

Keywords: Drinking water, Fluoride, Oral health, Research, Rhode Island, Safety, State information, Tooth decay

Phurisamban R, Gleick P. 2017. Drinking fountains and public health: Improving national water infrastructure to rebuild trust and ensure access. Oakland, CA: Pacific Institute, 13 pp.

Annotation: This paper summarizes epidemiology reports and other evidence of drinking fountain-related health issues to reveal the extent of the problem and explores changes needed to improve the quality and use of this hydration option. Topics include a brief history of water fountains, evidence of contamination at water fountains such as microbial and heavy metal contamination, the Safe Drinking Water Act and national drinking water standards, and guidelines for cleaning and maintaining drinking water fountains. The paper concludes with a discussion of efforts needed to expand the science and practice of ensuring that drinking fountains remain clean, safe, and accessible.

Contact: Pacific Institute, 654 13th Street, Preservation Park, Oakland, CA Telephone: (510) 251-1600 Fax: (510) 251-2203 Web Site: http://www.pacinst.org Available from the website. Document Number: ISBN 978-1-893790-77-3.

Keywords: Community base services, Environmental exposure, Federal legislation, Guidelines, Policy development, Public health infrastructure, Regulations, Safety, Standards, Water, Water pollution

McCormick L, Lovell S, Neltner T. 2017. Grading the nation: State disclosure policies for lead pipes. New York, NY: Environmental Defense Fund, 6 pp.

Annotation: This report presents findings from an analysis of housing disclosure policies of all U.S. states and the District of Columbia according to their ability to help homebuyers make informed decisions about lead service lines before they sign a sales contract. Contents include information about lead in drinking water and why reducing exposure to lead is important, property disclosures, variation and limitations of state requirements, and conclusions. State disclosure requirements are included in the appendix.

Contact: Environmental Defense Fund, 257 Park Avenue, South, New York, NY 10010, Telephone: (800) 684-3322 E-mail: https://www.edf.org/contact Web Site: https://www.edf.org Available from the website.

Keywords: Decision making, Environmental health, Housing, Lead, Policy analysis, Public policy, Safety, State legislation, Water

American Dental Association. 2016. Why fluoride in your tap water is a good thing. Chicago, IL: American Dental Association, 1 video (2 min., 59 sec.).

Annotation: This video explains why adding fluoride to community water systems is safe and effective at preventing tooth decay. The video features commentary from oral health professionals and pediatric health professionals about the value of community water fluoridation for children and adults.

Contact: American Dental Association, 211 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611-2678, Telephone: (312) 440-2500 Fax: (312) 440-7494 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.ada.org Available from the website.

Keywords: Audiovisual materials, Community based services, Fluorides, Nutrition, Oral health, Preventive health services, Safety, Water

MacKay JM, Steel A, Dykstra H, Wheeler T, Samuel E, Green A. 2016. Keeping kids safe in and around water: Exploring misconceptions that lead to drowning . Washington, DC: Safe Kids Worldwide, 27 pp.

Annotation: This report examines current patterns, circumstances, beliefs, and behaviors leading to childhood drowning. Topics include drownings in and around the home, pool drownings, and natural water drownings; preventing drowning in childhood through supervision, swim lessons and water survival skills, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation; pool safety tips for parents; and water recreation public policy. A fact sheet about children and the danger of drowning with information about the problem, parents' misconceptions, water survival skills, and water safety tips is included. Detailed profiles for drownings in and around the home, in pools, and in natural water are availale in the accompanying report, Dangerous Waters: Profiles of Fatal Childhood Drownings in the U.S. 2005–2014.

Contact: Safe Kids Worldwide, 1301 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004-1707, Telephone: (202) 662-0600 Fax: (202) 393-2072 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.safekids.org Available from the website.

Keywords: Beliefs, Child safety, Children, Competence, Drowning, Injury prevention, Life skills, Parenting, Policy development, Public policy, Risk taking, Statistical data, Water safety

MacKay JM, Steel A, Dykstra H. 2016. Dangerous waters: Profiles of fatal childhood drownings in the U.S. 2005–2014 . Washington, DC: Safe Kids Worldwide, 27 pp.

Annotation: This report explores national trends and circumstances surrounding fatal drowning in infants and children from birth through age 17 for the period 2005 to 2014. Topics include where children drown and racial disparities in drowning deaths in children. The appendices contain detailed data tables on fatal drownings by state and child drowning in and around the home, in pools, and in natural water. Information about the methodology and data sources is also included.

Contact: Safe Kids Worldwide, 1301 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004-1707, Telephone: (202) 662-0600 Fax: (202) 393-2072 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.safekids.org Available from the website.

Keywords: Adolescents, Child safety, Children, Drowning, Infant safety, Infants, Injury prevention, Policy development, Public policy, Racial factors, Statistical data, Trends, Water safety

Braff-Guajardo E, Hecht K. 2015. Kids and drinking water: A glass half full or half empty?. Washington, DC: Grantmakers In Health, 3 pp. (Views from the field)

Annotation: This paper discusses the importance of children drinking water. Topics include information about the importance of water consumption in preventing chronic disease; obstacles to ensuring that students have access to clean, safe drinking water in schools; drinking water challenges in communities; and opportunities for funders to increase children’s access to and consumption of free, safe drinking water. Improving access, prioritizing education, funding data collection and research, promoting multisectoral partnerships, and advocating for supportive policies are also discussed. In addition, the paper presents a policy framework to support healthy development in children by investing in accessible, safe drinking water.

Contact: Grantmakers In Health, 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 1200, Washington, DC 20036-4101, Telephone: (202) 452-8331 Fax: (202) 452-8340 Web Site: http://www.gih.org Available from the website.

Keywords: Advocacy, Child health, Child safety, Community role, Environmental health, Environmental pollution, Financing, Fluid intake, Health promotion, Low income groups, Minority groups, Nutrition, Policy development, Public private partnerships, School role, Water

American Academy of Pediatrics, Campaign for Dental Health and National Network for Oral Health Access. 2014. Fluoride safety: A guide for health professionals. [Elk Grove Village, IL]: American Academy of Pediatrics, Campaign for Dental Health, 2 pp.

Annotation: This document provides guidance for health professionals on fluoride safety as well as information about what fluoride is and how it is consumed and used. Additional topics include fluoride additives, dietary reference intakes, infant formula preparation, bottled water, community water fluoridation, and addressing health concerns related to fluoride consumption. The document is available in English and Spanish. A companion handout for parents and other caregivers is also available.

Contact: American Academy of Pediatrics, Campaign for Dental Health, 345 Park Boulevard, Itasca, IL 60143, Telephone: (847) 434-4000 Fax: (847) 434-8000 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.ilikemyteeth.org Available from the website.

Keywords: Communication, Community based services, Fluorides, Formula preparation, Oral health, Preventive health services, Safety, Spanish language materials, Water

American Academy of Pediatrics, Campaign for Dental Health and National Network for Oral Health Access. 2014. Say this, not that: Tips for talking about community water fluoridation. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, Campaign for Dental Health, 2 pp.

Annotation: This document for pediatric health professionals provides information about the benefits of community water fluoridation and tips for addressing concerns related to fluoride safety and costs. Topics include fluoride and bottled water, fluorosis, and infant formula preparation. The document is available in English and Spanish.

Contact: American Academy of Pediatrics, Campaign for Dental Health, 345 Park Boulevard, Itasca, IL 60143, Telephone: (847) 434-4000 Fax: (847) 434-8000 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.ilikemyteeth.org Available from the website.

Keywords: Communication, Community based services, Costs, Fluorides, Formula preparation, Oral health, Preventive health services, Safety, Spanish language materials, Water

Harvard School of Public Health Prevention Research Center. 2014. Keep it flowing: A practical guide to school drinking water planning, maintenance and repair. Boston, MA: Harvard School of Public Health Prevention Research Center, 30 pp.

Annotation: This guide addresses the need for drinking water in schools and outlines steps for providing adequate numbers of drinking fountains and tap water dispensers in school buildings. The content is organized to mirror typical school organizational structure, providing information about policy and oversight for state and tribal agencies and information focused on implementation and maintenance for schools. Topics include access to free and safe drinking water within a convenient distance of any location on school grounds; factors that impact whether water is safe to drink and appealing to students, teachers, and staff; and campaigns and policies designed to increase student water consumption.

Contact: Harvard University, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, Telephone: (617) 495-1000 Web Site: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu Available from the website.

Keywords: Facility design and construction, Fluid intake, Nutrition, Oral health, Policy development, Public health infrastructure, Safety, School age children, Schools, Water

Gooch B, Spoeth S, Kumar J, Briss P. 2013. Community water fluoridation: A vital 21st century public health intervention. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of the Associate Director for Communication, 3 items.

Annotation: These videos and slides for health professionals provide information about the public health impact of community water fluoridation (CWF), communication challenges, approaches to advance CWF, and fluoridation and population health. Messaging about the cost effectiveness, cost savings, safety, and other benefits of drinking fluoridated water in preventing tooth decay is included.

Contact: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, Telephone: (800) 232-4636 Secondary Telephone: (888) 232-6348 E-mail: https://www.cdc.gov/cdc-info/forms/contact-us.html Web Site: http://www.cdc.gov Available from the website.

Keywords: Barriers, Communication, Community role, Continuing education, Costs, Dental caries, Fluorides, Oral health, Preventive health services, Public health, Public policy, Safety, Water

Campos-Outcalt D, Celaya MF, Nunez A, Rosales C. 2012. Community water fluoridation: An evidence review. Phoenix, AZ: University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 18 pp.

Annotation: This report documents an assessment and summary of the scientific evidence on the benefits and harms of community water fluoridation (CWF). Contents include review purpose and scope, evidence search and strategy, methods, results, and conclusions. Findings on the benefits and potential harms of CWF for children and adults are provided. Descriptions of the systematic reviews included and excluded from the review are presented in tables.

Contact: Arizona Department of Health Services, Office of Oral Health, 150 North 18th Avenue, Suite 320, Phoenix, AZ 85007, Telephone: (602) 542-1891 Fax: (602) 364-1494 Web Site: http://www.azdhs.gov/prevention/womens-childrens-health/oral-health/ Available from the website.

Keywords: Adults, Children, Dental caries, Disease prevention, Fluorides, Literature reviews, Oral health, Safety, Water

Clay K, Troesken W, Haines MR. 2010. Lead, mortality, and productivity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 62 pp. (NBER working paper series no. 16480)

Annotation: This paper examines the effect of water-borne lead exposure on infant mortality in American cities between 1900 and 1920. The authors compare the type of pipes used (lead, iron, or concrete) in cities and the acidity or softness of the water running through them with levels of infant mortality. The paper provides an overview of lead and infant health based on a review of the literature; discusses the choice in the selection of pipes among public officials; and explains the sources for data used in the study. The authors conclude that cities that used lead pipes in combination with water that promoted lead leaching not only had higher rates of infant mortality, but that the adverse effects may have impacted worker productivity as well. Tables indicate trends in infant mortality, non-infant mortality and worker productivity based on the presence of lead pipes combined with water type. Other tables compare data across cities.

Contact: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138-5398, Telephone: (617) 868-3900 Fax: (617) 868-2742 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.nber.org Available from the website.

Keywords: Data, History, Infant mortality, Lead, Productivity, Research, Water safety

Alabama Department of Public Health. [2006]. In case of emergency, are you ready?. Montgomery, AL: Alabama Department of Public Health, 30 pp.

Annotation: This document provides information that can help families create an emergency preparedness plan that will enable them to respond more quickly and efficiently during an emergency. Topics include evacuation and sheltering, special populations, important documents, supply kits, checklists, disease prevention and control, pandemic influenza, natural disasters, hazardous materials, injury prevention, food and water safety, coping with disasters, emergency preparedness teams, additional resources, and personal emergency phone contacts.

Contact: Alabama Department of Public Health, RSA Tower, 201 Monroe Street, Montgomery, AL 36104, Telephone: (334) 206-5300 Secondary Telephone: (800) ALA-1818 Fax: Web Site: http://www.adph.org Available from the website.

Keywords: Communication, Consumer education materials, Disasters, Disease prevention, Emergencies, Families, Food safety, Hazardous materials, Influenza, Water safety

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1999. The top ten public health achievements in the 20th century. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 11 items.

Annotation: This resource features a series of reports published in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports between April and December 1999 on 10 public health achievements, reflecting the successful response of public health to the major causes of morbidity and mortality for the period 1900-1999. Topics include vaccination, motor-vehicle safety, workplace safety, control of infectious diseases, decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke, safer and healthier foods, healthier mothers and babies, family planning, fluoridation of drinking water, and tobacco as a health hazard. Critical changes in the U.S. public health system during the century are also addressed.

Contact: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, Telephone: (800) 232-4636 Secondary Telephone: (888) 232-6348 E-mail: https://www.cdc.gov/cdc-info/forms/contact-us.html Web Site: http://www.cdc.gov Available from the website.

Keywords: Adults, Cardiovascular diseases, Children, Families, Family planning, Fluorides, Food safety, Health policy, History, Infant health, Infection control, Maternal health, Morbidity, Mortality, Motor vehicle safety, Occupational safety and health, Oral health, Public health, Strokes, Systems development, Tobacco use, Vaccination effects, Water

National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Committee on Pesticide Residues in the Diets of Infants and Children. 1993. Pesticides in the diets of infants and children. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 386 pp.

Annotation: This report is a comprehensive examination of pesticide use in agriculture and subsequent exposure to pesticides in the diets of infants and children. It examines infant and child development and explains how children metabolize pesticides differently from adults. The report focuses on perinatal exposure, food and water consumption by children, toxicity testing, federal pesticide regulations, and current methods of pesticide exposure risk assessment. Recommendations of the Committee on Pesticide Residues in the Diet of Infants and Children are emphasized throughout the report. Statistics and extensive bibliographies are provided.

Contact: National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001, Telephone: (202) 334-3313 Secondary Telephone: (888) 624-8373 Contact Phone: (800) 624-6242 Fax: (202) 334-2451 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.nap.edu Available in libraries. Document Number: ISBN 0-309-04875-3.

Keywords: Breastfeeding, Carcinogens, Child nutrition, Fluid intake, Food consumption, Food safety, Infant formula, Infant nutrition, Nutrition research, Perinatal health, Pesticides, Statistics, Toxicity, Water safety

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The MCH Digital Library is one of six special collections at Geogetown University, the nation's oldest Jesuit institution of higher education. It is supported in part by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) under award number U02MC31613, MCH Advanced Education Policy with an award of $700,000/year. The library is also supported through foundation and univerity funding. This information or content and conclusions are those of the author and should not be construed as the official position or policy of, nor should any endorsements be inferred by HRSA, HHS or the U.S. Government.