Early
and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment
(EPSDT) Services in Medicaid
Knowledge Path
December 2009
Introduction
This knowledge path about
Early and Periodic
Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment
(EPSDT) services in Medicaid has been
compiled by the Maternal
and Child Health Library at
Georgetown University. It offers
a selection of current, high-quality
resources about providing and
strengthening EPSDT services.
The path includes
guidelines for the frequency,
timing, and content
of health-promotion
and disease-prevention services
for infants, children, and adolescents.
Separate sections
present resources for professionals
(health professionals, program
administrators, policymakers,
and researchers) and for families.
A special topics area lists resources
about oral health services as
part of the EPSDT benefit. The
knowledge path will be updated
periodically.
Related knowledge
paths:
Health
Insurance and Access to Care
for Children and Adolescents.
Community
Services Locator: An Online Directory
for Finding Community
Services for Children and Families
Please note: According
to the Centers
for Medicare and
Medicaid Services
(CMS),
the "D" in "EPSDT" stands
for
"Diagnostic." However,
"Diagnosis" is
frequently
used in the literature
and therefore
appears in
several publication
titles below.
Overview
The Early and Periodic
Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment
(EPSDT) program provides comprehensive
health services for individuals under
age 21 enrolled in Medicaid. Under
federal regulations, states are
given some flexibility in determining
the periodicity or timing of the health
visits and screenings, but the content
of services is mandated by
law to include the following:
- Comprehensive health
and developmental history, including
a developmental assessment of physical
and mental health
- Comprehensive physical
examination
- Immunizations, based
on the current approved Advisory Committee
on Immunization Practices schedule
- Laboratory tests, including
mandatory lead screening
- Vision, hearing, and
dental services
- Health education and
anticipatory guidance
- Diagnosis and treatment
(See the Centers
for Medicare and Medicaid Services'
(CMS') EPSDT fact sheet for
program details).
Data indicate, however,
that many infants, children, and adolescents
do not receive the EPSDT services for
which
they are
eligible
(National Conference
of State Legislatures (NCSL), 2008).
In a changing health care and
federal regulatory environment, states
face challenges and opportunities
for ensuring that Medicaid-eligible infants,
children, and adolescents receive the
best possible coverage;
primary care provider participation and
support; care coordination and case management;
and data collection, reporting, and quality
(National Academy
for State Health Policy (NASHP),
2008).
Resources for Professionals
Web Sites
- Agency
for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ).
Provides evidence-based information
on health care outcomes; quality;
and cost, use, and access. Offers
access to the the National
Guideline Clearinghouse and
the National
Quality Measures Clearinghouse.
Resources include
Child
Health Care Quality Toolbox: Measuring
Performance in Child Health Programs.
Contains tips and tools to help
state and local policymakers and
program administrators evaluate
Medicaid, the Children's
Health Insurance Program (CHIP),
Title V, and other health programs
for children and adolescents.
Children's
Health Care Quality.
Outlines activities and resources related to the quality provisions of the Children's
Health Insurance Program Reauthorization
Act). Presents a core
set of children's health care
quality measures for voluntary use by Medicaid and CHIP programs, including
measures related to
EPSDT
services.
U.S. Preventive Services Task
Force (USPSTF). Presents recommendations from an independent panel of experts
in primary care and prevention that systematically reviews the evidence of effectiveness
and develops recommendations for clinical preventive services. The child and
adolescent recommendations include
EPSDT-related services.
- American
Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
Contains guidelines, schedules,
health-education materials, and
other resources for strengthening
EPSDT services. Topics pages present
resources about newborn
screening, immunizations, vision
and hearing, and healthy
development. Tools include
Bright
Futures: Guidelines for Health
Supervision of Infants, Children,
and Adolescents, 3rd ed. (2007).
- Center
for Children and Families (CCF).
Presents analyses of federal policy
developments and state-based initiatives
affecting the health care coverage
of America's families. Includes
issue briefs and other publications
developed by CCF's Strengthening
Medicaid project. CCF
is based at Georgetown University's
Health Policy Institute.
- Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC). Contains
a number of resources relevant
to the provision of EPSDT services,
including
CDC
Growth Charts.
Contains tools and background
information for plotting the
growth of infants, children,
and adolescents from birth through
age 20. Also links to interactive
training modules for health
professionals using the pediatric
growth charts in clinical and
public health settings. The
growth charts are available
in English, Spanish, and French.
Childhood
and Adolescent Immunization Schedules.
Contains the immunization
schedule in various formats, a
catch-up schedule, education materials,
and other resources related to
immunization services. The schedule
is available in English and Spanish.
Developmental
Screening.
Offers background information,
screening tools, and recommendations
for developmental screening.
Early
Hearing Detection and Intervention
(EHDI) Program: Organizational
Recommendations and Screening Guidelines.
Contains links to guidelines for
newborn hearing programs and audiologic
screening for infants, children,
and adolescents.
Newborn Screening. Links to
program information, tools, and recommendations for newborn screening for certain
genetic, endocrine, and metabolic disorders and hearing loss prior to discharge
from a hospital or birthing center.
Recommendations
for Blood Lead Screening of Medicaid-Eligible Children Aged 1–5 Years: An Updated
Approach to Targeting a Group at High Risk. (2009). [Report]. In addition,
CDC's National
Center for Environmental Health offers
prevention tips, data, program information,
publications, training tools, and policy
resources about lead.
Also see CDC's Pediatric
Nutrition Surveillance System (PedNSS).
- Centers
for Medicare and Medicaid Services
(CMS).
Contains general
information about Medicaid with
links to eligibility
information.
Offers an overview of
the EPSDT program and a fact
sheet that
describes the required services
for EPSDT within each state's Medicaid
program. Provides an overview of
state Medicaid agency responsibilities
regarding EPSDT with links to the
annual EPSDT report, reporting
instructions, and state and national
summaries from the reports. Also includes information
about Medicaid oral health coverage as a required
component of the EPSDT benefit.
- Commonwealth
Fund: Child Health/Development.
Contains program information
and an extensive collection
of
reports that
can be used for improving EPSDT-related
services. The Commonwealth Fund
is a private foundation working
to improve health coverage and
quality. Recent publications
include
Improving Care Coordination, Case Management, and Linkages to Service for Young Children: Opportunities for States.
(2009). [Report].
Medicaid
and CHIP Strategies for Improving Child Health. (2009). [Report and charts].
Monitoring and Assessing the Use of External Quality Review Organizations to Improve Services for Young Children: A Toolkit for State Medicaid Agencies.
(2008).
North Carolina's ABCD Program: Using Community Care Networks to Improve the Delivery of Childhood Developmental Screening and Referral to Early Intervention Services.
(2009). [Issue brief].
Also see the National Academy for State Health Policy (NASHP) for
information about two Commonwealth-funded programs.
- Early
Childhood Learning and Knowledge
Center (ECLKC): Health.
Presents resources about program planning,
health and development issues,
working with families, and staff support
and supervision relevant
to the provision of EPSDT services
in Head Start, a national
program
that serves the development needs of
infants and children from birth through
age 5 and their families with low incomes
through the provision of education,
health, nutrition, social, and other
services. Includes an online
directory of Head Start programs and links to state EPSDT periodicity schedules and other
resources. ECLKC is a service of the Office
of Head Start.
- Health
Resources and Services Administration/Maternal
and Child Health Bureau (MCHB). Offers
the following set of EPSDT resources:
EPSDT
and Title V Collaboration
to Improve Child Health.
Provides information about
EPSDT and about opportunities
for
collaboration between Title
V and Medicaid to improve
EPSDT services. Presents strategies
for improving EPSDT administration and performance. Resources
address
systems
of
care
issues, family supports, data monitoring, and evolving EPSDT policy.
HRSA Medicaid Primer.
Offers a set of fact sheets to assist state and local health officials in understanding
how Medicaid works and how it can ensure access to health services for underserved
populations, including eligible infants, children, and adolescents.
State MCH-Medicaid Coordination: A Review
of Title V and Title XIX Interagency Agreements (2nd Ed). (2008). [Report].
Also see the Title V Information System (TVIS), the Discretionary
Grant Information
System (DGIS), and the Maternal and Child Health Library.
- Iowa
Department of Public Health: EPSDT
Care for Kids. Describes
Iowa's EPSDT program for parents
and health professionals. Resources
include immunization schedules,
periodicity schedules, a manual
for screening centers, a care-coordination
handbook, a newsletter, patient-education materials, and additional
tools and program information for
professionals.
- Kaiser
Family Foundation (KFF): Medicaid/CHIP.
Contains news, publications,
program information, and data
about children's health coverage
and care under Medicaid, including
EPSDT services. KFF
is a nonprofit, private operating
foundation focusing on the major
health care issues facing the
United States, as well as the
U.S. role in global health policy.
Publications
include
Aging Out of Early and Periodic
Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT): Issues for Young Adults with Disabilities. (2007). [Issue brief].
Emerging Health Information
Technology for Children in Medicaid and SCHIP Programs.
(2008). [Report].
Health Coverage of Children:
The Role of Medicaid and SCHIP. (2008). [Fact sheet].
Impact of Medicaid and SCHIP
on Low-Income Children's Health. (2009). [Issue brief].
Medicaid
Resource Book.
(2003). This comprehensive
reference tool describes Medicaid
eligibility,
benefits, financing, and administration
and includes discussion of
EPSDT, among other components
of the
Medicaid program.
Also see statehealthfacts.org and the Medicaid Benefits
Online Database.
- National
Academy for State Health Policy (NASHP). Presents program information,
tools, an online
discussion forum, and a wealth of other resources about child health
and development for state policymakers and program administrators, primary
care health professionals,
and child
and family service providers. NASHP's initiative, Improving Early Childhood
Health
and Development
Using EPSDT
Policy, provides support to state Medicaid EPSDT coordinators in their efforts
to improve access to and the quality of child health and development services
for children
from families with low incomes. The Assuring
Better
Child Health and Development (ABCD) Program provides research and resources
to promote early childhood health
and development and improve the delivery
of services, including EPSDT-related
services, to children
from families with low incomes. Both programs are supported by the Commonwealth
Fund.
A selection of recent resources includes
Improving Early Childhood
Health and Developmental Services Using EPSDT Policy: EPSDT Services and the
Coding
Conundrum. (2009). [PowerPoint presentation].
Improving EPSDT Periodicity Schedules
to Promote Healthy Development. (2009). [Policy brief].
Measurement
to Support Effective Identification of Children at
Risk for Developmental Delay. (2009). [Policy
brief].
New Opportunities and Continuing Challenges: A Report from the NASHP EPSDT Forum. (2008).
State Policy Improvements
That Support Effective Identification of Children at Risk for Developmental
Delay.
(2009). [Policy brief].
State Strategies
for Care Coordination, Case Management, and Linkages for Young Children:
A Scan of State Medicaid. Title V, And Part C Agencies. (2009). [Report].
State Strategies to Support
Practice Changes That Improve the Identification of Children at Risk for or
with Developmental
Delays. (2009). [Policy brief].
- National
Center for Hearing Assessment
and Management (NCHAM).
Contains a wealth of resources
for health professionals, policymakers,
and program administrators
about the implementation and
improvement of Early Hearing
Detection and Intervention (EHDI)
systems for infants and children
covered by EPSDT services in
Medicaid and by other
health insurance programs.
EHDI systems
are designed to ensure that all
infants
and
young children with
hearing
loss are identified as early
as possible and provided with
timely and appropriate audiological,
educational, and medical intervention.
NCHAM is located at Utah
State University.
- National
Health Law Program (NHeLP):
EPSDT.
Presents a collection of resources
about EPSDT that include fact
sheets, issue briefs, case dockets,
legal
transmittals,
and other resources.
NHeLP is a national public-interest
law firm that aims to improve
health care for families with
low incomes,
minorities, the elderly, and
people with disabilities. See
NHeLP's HealthCareCoach.com.
Additional
Electronic Materials
- Alletto MM, Fraser
M, Ewig B. 2009. The
Power of Prevention for Mothers
and Children: The Cost Effectiveness
of Maternal and Child Health Interventions.
Washington, DC: Association
of Maternal and Child Health Programs
(AMCHP).
This brief summarizes effective and
efficient interventions provided
by state MCH programs to improve
the lives of mothers, children, and
families,
and that merit increased national
investment. Interventions include
EPSDT.
- Fox HB, Limb S,
McManus MA. 2007. Preliminary
Thoughts on Restructuring Medicaid
to Promote Adolescent Health.
Washington, DC: Incenter
Strategies: National Alliance to
Advance Adolescent Health.
This issue brief proposes an enhanced
set of
health-promotion and primary care
benefits designed specifically
for adolescents that can be offered
through EPSDT or as an alternative
benefit package under the Deficit
Reduction Act.
- Government
Accountability Office (GAO).
2009. Medicaid
Preventive Services: Concerted Efforts
Needed to Ensure Beneficiaries Receive
Services. Washington, DC: Government
Accountability Office. This report
examines the provision of preventive
services
for children and adults in the Medicaid
program, including
the extent to which state Medicaid programs
monitor and promote EPSDT services for children.
- National Conference of State
Legislatures (NCSL). 2008. Child
Health Screenings: Medicaid's Early and
Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment (EPSDT) Participation Rates,
2006. Washington, DC: National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL).
This map shows the percentage of eligible children who received
at least one EPSDT screening (well-child) visit in the year in each state.
- Rosenbaum S. 2008. Medicaid
Portability in the Context of Oral Health Care for Head Start-Enrolled
Children in Migrant Farmworker Families. Washington, DC:
School of Public Health and Health
Services, George Washington University.
This analysis examines opportunities and challenges
in addressing Medicaid eligibility
and enrollment for children
in Migrant and Seasonal Head Start
programs.
- Rosenbaum S, Wilensky S, Allen K. 2008. EPSDT
at 40: Modernizing a Pediatric Health Policy to Reflect a Changing Health
Care System. Hamilton, NJ: Center
for Health Care Strategies. This report examines the continuing role
of EPSDT in a changing health care system. The report presents an overview
of EPSDT along with an explanation of the Deficit Reduction Act as it
relates to EPSDT benefits. The report describes current state practices
in implementing EPSDT in managed care, identifies promising
approaches to EPSDT modernization that take into account Medicaid's evolution
as a purchaser of health benefits and service products, and makes recommendations
for improving EPSDT administration and coordination between EPSDT and
early childhood development and child care programs.
- University of Oklahoma
Health Sciences Center, Primary Care
Health Policy Division. 2008. Health
Care Professionals' Feedback Regarding
Provision of Health Check-Ups (Early
and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis,
and Treatment, EPSDT). Oklahoma
City, OK: Oklahoma Health Care Authority.
This report describes the results
of a survey of Oklahoma primary care
health professionals regarding EPSDT
health visits, particularly developmental
screening.
- Young J, Forest P,
McCaffrey M, Metzguer K, Frachele R,
Fritz T.
2008. It
Takes a Village: MCH and Medicaid
Collaborations to
Improve Outcomes and Leverage Funds.
Arlington, VA: Association
of State and Territorial Health Officials
(ASTHO). These slides are from
an October 2008 webinar for state MCH
and Medicaid administrators about working
together using transformation
grants, waivers, and other innovative
approaches to improve infant, child,
and adolescent health outcomes.
Distance
Learning
- Bright
Futures at Georgetown University.
Develops Web-based curricula, training
tools, and other resources for
health professionals and families
for a practical developmental approach
to providing health supervision
for infants, children, and adolescents
that support EPSDT program requirements.
Resources and initiatives include
District of Columbia's
HealthCheck Provider Education System.
Offers an online curriculum and
resources for delivering and documenting
EPSDT services to Medicaid-eligible
children and adolescents in Washington,
DC. This system was developed in
collaboration with the District
of Columbia's Medical Assistance
Administration.
Well-Child
Care: A Bright Futures Curriculum
for Providers in MCH and Medicaid/EPSDT
Settings.
Presents a training
curriculum for health professionals
who provide well-child care
for infants, children, and adolescents,
especially those served by state
MCH programs or by Medicaid's
EPSDT program. A toolkit accompanies
the curriculum.
What
to Expect and When to Seek Help:
Bright Futures Developmental Tools
for Families and Providers.
(2006). A companion referral
tool helps
professionals identify resources
in their own communities.
Also see AAP's Bright
Futures: Guidelines for Health
Supervision of Infants, Children,
and Adolescents, 3rd ed.
(2007).
- Enhancing
Partnerships Between Title V, Medicaid,
and Local Health Departments Through
EPSDT.
Contains an audio broadcast, slides,
and transcript from this September
2003 webcast that was sponsored
by MCHB. The discussion featured
multiple presenters from federal,
state, and local agencies and focused
on experiences and recommendations
for improving EPSDT rates through
state and local partnerships.
- Managed
Care and Poor Children.
Presents a learning module about
the interaction between managed
care and children from families
with low incomes. It focuses on
how managed care operates to
serve
children
and
how these programs provide children’s
health services, particularly EPSDT.
This module is presented by the
MCH Public Health—Social Work
Leadership Training Program at
the University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill
School of Social
Work.
- Minnesota
Department of Health: Child and
Teen Checkups Online Training Programs.
Presents online training programs
for health professionals and program
administrators about Minnesota's
EPSDT program. The program
is a joint venture of the Minnesota
Department of Human Services and
the Minnesota Department of Health.
Programs include
Developmental
and Social-Emotional Screening. (2009).
Hearing
Screening. (2003).
Oral
Health Screening. (2009).
Vision
Screening. (2009).
Databases
The databases listed below are excellent tools for identifying data,
additional literature
and research,
and programs about
EPSDT. Many of the entries below contain
tips on how to use the databases efficiently.
Please note that databases vary in how
terms should be entered; for example,
some require quotation marks and others
don't. Enter search phrases as shown
in bold below.
- Data
- National
Quality Measures Clearinghouse™ (NQMC). Contains evidence-based health-care-quality-measures and measure sets for physicians, hospitals, and health plans to evaluate and improve the quality of health care for consumers. Search for measures that target a particular disease/condition, treatment/intervention, age range, vulnerable population, setting of care, or contributing organization. To identify EPSDT-related measures, enter Medicaid AND (infants OR children OR adolescents) in the search box. The database is sponsored by the Agency
for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ).
- Pediatric
Nutrition Surveillance System (PedNSS).
Monitors the nutritional status
of children from birth to age 5
in federally funded MCH programs,
such as Medicaid. Data on birthweight,
short stature, underweight, overweight,
anemia, breastfeeding, and health-risk
behaviors are collected for those
who visit public
health
clinics for routine care, nutrition
education, and supplemental food.
PedNSS is administered
by the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC).
- statehealthfacts.org.
Contains state-level data on demographics,
health status, health coverage
and the uninsured, Medicaid and CHIP,
health costs and budgets, Medicare,
managed
care and health insurance, providers
and service use, minority health, women's
health, and HIV/AIDS. Information is
displayed as bar graphs, tables,
or color-coded maps. View individual
state profiles or compare data
for all states by category. Click
on the Medicaid and CHIP category
for information such as enrollment,
eligibility requirements, managed
care participation, spending and
federal matching amounts, and enrollment
practices. statehealthfacts.org
is a project of the Kaiser
Family Foundation.
Kaiser also offers customizable state
Medicaid fact sheets.
For detailed information about
the Medicaid benefit packages in
each state, see Kaiser's Medicaid
Benefits Online Database.
- Title
V Information System (TVIS).
Contains data from annual Title
V Block Grant applications and
reports submitted by all 59 U.S.
states and jurisdictions. To identify
EPSDT-related services provided
by states, select Program
Data for the Most Recent Year.
Select one of several options under
Individuals Served and Health Screening.
Title V IS is a service of the Maternal
and Child Health Bureau (MCHB).
Also see MCHB's Discretionary
Grant Information System (DGIS).
- Literature
and Research Databases
- Maternal
and Child Health Library at
the National
Center for Education in Maternal
and Child Health (NCEMCH),
Georgetown University. Maintains
several databases to collect, manage,
and disseminate knowledge about
MCH, with special emphasis on knowledge
gained from initiatives and programs
supported by the Maternal
and Child Health Bureau (MCHB). The library's
bibliographic database is
MCHLine®. Comprises an online catalog of materials in the Maternal and Child Health Library, including reports and documents about EPSDT from the 1970s to the present. Search the database by entering epsdt in the keyword field of the search form. To limit your search, add a publication date range and/or additional keywords (e.g., "head start"). Also see selections of recent library items about screening in the following two bibliographies: (1) child
developmental screening and (2) newborn
screening. The MCH Library also holds the William McConway Hiscock Collection, an uncataloged set of materials on EPSDT containing over 150 items, primarily reports and articles published in the 1970s and early 1980s. For more information about the Hiscock collection or to view the materials in it, contact the library.
Also see the library's organizations
and programs databases.
- National
Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC).
Contains evidence-based clinical
practice guidelines and related
materials for health professionals.
Identify guidelines by entering Medicaid
AND (infants OR children OR adolescents) in
the Search field. The database
is an initiative of the Agency
for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ).
- PubMed.
Contains more than 19 million citations
for biomedical articles from MEDLINE
and life science journals. Citations
may include links
to full-text articles from PubMed Central or publisher web sites.
To identify
citations on the topic, enter the term epsdt in
the search box. To narrow your search,
click on Limits and enter a publication
date and/or use the MeSH
(Medical Subject Headings) database to
identify additional search terms. PubMed
is a service of the National
Library of Medicine (NLM).
- State
Coverage Initiatives (SCI): State
Profiles.
Click on a state to find out about
the state's health coverage programs
and coverage
strategies.
- Programs Databases
- Discretionary
Grant Information System (DGIS).
Contains information for more
than
900
grants issued
by the Maternal
and Child Health Bureau (MCHB). Search the abstracts of MCHB
discretionary grants by entering epsdt in the Search Word or Phrase field.
Click on Search to get your results. To find
products and publications produced
by MCHB training grantees, select Program Data,
Training, and Search Products
and Publications. Type epsdt in
the search field and click on Search to get your results.
- Maternal
and Child Health Library at
the National
Center for Education in Maternal
and Child Health (NCEMCH),
Georgetown University. Maintains
two databases to identify organizations
and programs that address Medicaid
and EPSDT:
MCH
Organizations Database.
Lists over 2,000 government,
professional, and voluntary
organizations involved in MCH
activities, primarily at a national
level. To identify organizations,
type Medicaid in the keyword
field of the database
search form. Click on Search to get
your results.
MCH
Projects Database.
Comprises an online catalog of
projects funded by the Maternal
and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) through
October 1, 2004. To identify projects,
enter epsdt in
the abstract field of the database
search form. Click on Search
to get your results. See MCHB's Discretionary
Grant Information System (DGIS) for information on projects funded after October 1, 2004.
- Medicaid
Benefits. Provides
information about benefits covered,
populations served,
and the limitations, co-payments, and
reimbursement policies that apply to
Medicaid benefits for all 50 states,
the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories.
To learn how EPSDT services are displayed in this database, see Benefits
by Service: Early and Periodic Screening,
Diagnosis and Treatment. This database is a service
of the Kaiser
Family Foundation (KFF) and the National
Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL).
Special Topic: Oral Health Services
- Centers
for Medicare and Medicaid Services
(CMS): Medicaid Dental Coverage.
Presents information
about Medicaid
oral health coverage as a required
component of the EPSDT benefit.
Publications include
Policy
Issues in the Delivery of Dental Services to Medicaid
Children and Their Families.
(2008). [Guidelines].
State
Reports 2008. (2009).
This collection of reports
reviews state EPSDT oral health
services.
- Children's
Dental Health Project (CDHP).
Contains publications and program
information about children's
oral health,
including children's oral health
benefits under Medicaid. Publications
include
Necessary
Reform to Pediatric Dental Care Under Medicaid. (2008). [Congressional testimony].
One
Year Later: Medicaid’s Response to
Systemic Problems Revealed by
the Death of Deamonte Driver: Testimony of
Burton L. Edelstein D.D.S., M.P.H. (2008).
[Congressional testimony].
- Medicaid/SCHIP
Dental Association (MSDA).
Presents links to publications,
meeting materials, and other
resources about state and national
Medicaid and CHIP oral health
policies and practices. Includes
a state Medicaid and CHIP dental contact
list.
- National
Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource
Center (OHRC). Presents
a bibliography of
materials about EPSDT oral health services, including a collection of
reports about children’s utilization of these services in several
states.
Also
contains guidelines, schedules, health-education materials, and other resources
for strengthening
the oral health component of EPSDT
services.
- Government
Accountability Office (GAO). 2008. Medicaid:
Extent of Dental Disease in Children
Has Not Decreased, and Millions Are
Estimated to Have Untreated Tooth
Decay. Washington, DC: Government
Accountability Office. This report
presents information from national
health surveys on key indicators of
the oral health status of children
in Medicaid, specifically, the rate
of oral disease and receipt
of oral health care, and changes in
these indicators over time.
- Schneider D, Rossetti
J, Crall J. 2007. Assuring
Comprehensive Dental Services in Medicaid and Head Start Programs: Planning and
Implementation Considerations. Los Angeles, CA: National
Oral Health Policy
Center. This issue brief addresses efforts to improve access to oral health
services for children enrolled in Medicaid and Head Start. The brief focuses
on service delivery arrangements that include screening and prevention services
provided
by
non-dentists
outside
traditional oral health care delivery settings.
- Also see the Kaiser
Family Foundation (KFF) issue
brief, Oral Health Coverage and Care
for Low-Income Children: The Role of Medicaid and CHIP (2009), the National
Academy for State Health Policy (NASHP) report, Effects
of Medicaid Reimbursement Rates on Access to Dental Care (2008), and
the Minnesota Department of Health Child and Teen
Checkups Online Training Program module about oral health.
Resources
for Families
Find
Services
Web
Sites for
Families
- American
Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
Information about newborn
screening, immunizations, vision
and hearing, healthy
development, and other EPSDT-related
topics.
- Bright
Futures at Georgetown University:
Family Materials.
Booklets, tip sheets, and
forms to help you play an
active role in your children’s
health and well-being and to help
you form partnerships with providers.
- Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC).
A collection of educational
materials with questions that you can ask providers and other
professionals
who perform EPSDT-related services. You
will also find immunization
schedules and information about developmental
milestones and developmental
screening.
- Families
USA: Medicaid.
Legislative news and tools
to help you keep
track of changes in the Medicaid
program. Includes resources to
help you establish eligibility
for Medicaid
and get Medicaid
to cover your health care needs.
- Family
Voices (FV).
Resources in English and
some in Spanish to help you
make informed decisions for your
children and teens with special
health care
needs; advocate for
improved public
and private systems
and services, such as Medicaid;
and build partnerships with professionals.
Includes a list of
services specified by the 1905(a) section of the Social Security Act for inclusion
under EPSDT. Other resources include
Bright
Futures for Families.
A guide to raising
healthy babies, children, and
teens; a health care visit
checklist; and other resources
to help you improve your children's
health and well-being.
Also see FV's state
contacts.
- HealthCareCoach.com:
About Medicaid.
Information about Medicaid
and links to articles about its
services, including EPSDT.
- Ramowski SK. 2004. EPSDT:
Supporting Children With Disabilities.
Tualatin, OR: National
Center for Family Support.
Describes
EPSDT and how it can help your child.
Author: Susan Brune Lorenzo,
M.L.S., Maternal and Child Health Library.
Reviewers: Lauren Agoratus, M.A., Family
Voices and Family-to-Family Health Information
Resource Center at the Statewide Parent
Advocacy Network of N.J.; Jennifer May,
M.P.H., M.S.W., National Academy for State
Health Policy (NASHP); Olivia K. Pickett,
M.A., M.L.S., Maternal and
Child Health Library.
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